Pulmonary Flashcards
What pneumonia presents with salmon pink sputum?
Staph
What are some buzzwords associated with gram negative pneumonia?
currant jelly sputum and bulging fissure sign (klebsiella)
What are some lab changes that you might see with legionella pneumophila?
hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated LDH, elevated CRP
ILD: person presents with regular chest tightness toward the end of the 1st day of the workweek. What is causing this?
Monday chest tightness is caused by Byssinosis (organic dust that causes ILD)
What’s the most common manifestation of asbestos exposure in the first 10 years?
BAPE = benign asbestos pleural effusions
- vary from serous to bloody
- occur early in the exposure history (within 5 years)
- 1/3 of patients have eosinophils in the pleural fluid
Malignant mesothelioma is or is not associated with smoking?
Is not
Which part of the lung do asbestosis and silicosis involve?
Asbestosis is the lower lung and silicosis is the upper lung
All patients with silicosis have an increased risk for developing what 2 diseases?
Active TB and malignancy; also have a strong association with scleroderma and rheumatoid arthritis
What are some diseases that clubbing is almost always, commonly, and almost never seen in?
- Almost always = advanced IPF; asbestosis
- Commonly = bronchiectasis; CF; lung cancer
- Almost never = emphysema; sarcoidosis
What is Caplan syndrome?
Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis associated with massive CWP (call workers’ pneumoconiosis). This syndrome is notable for the development of peripheral lung nodules in addition to the upper lung nodules seen in CWP.
What are differences in BAL findings of helper/suppressor lymphocyte ratios in sarcoid vs hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
Sarcoid - helper/suppressor > 4:1
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis ratio
What are a couple of alternate diagnoses you can think of when assessing a progressively worsening asthmatic?
- churg-strauss syndrome
2. ABPA
What are 4 autoimmune diseases that cause pulmonary hemorrhage?
- Goodpasture syndrome
- SLE
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
- IPH (idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis)
What is the definition of pulmonary hypertension?
mean PAP >/= 25 at rest and >/= 30 with exercise
What conditions lead to a decrease in DLCO?
emphysema, ILD, pulmonary vascular disease, and anemia
What are classic signs of a fat embolus?
shortness of breath, confusion, and petechiae
What are the most common causes of a malignant pleural effusion?
Lung cancer (1/3), breast cancer (1/4), lymphoma (1/5)