Neurology

Question 1

What migraine population needs to be on prophylactic medication?

Answer 1

women with frequent migraines with aura to prevent CVA

Question 2

Migraines with aura are associated with an increased risk of what disease?

Answer 2

ischemic stroke; especially in younger women and if they are on birth control

Question 3

What are some associated symptoms that you see with giant cell arteritis other than the headache?

Answer 3

jaw claudication, fatigue, weight loss, and low grade fever. Up to 50% of patients have a h/o polymyalgia rheumatica..

Question 4

What do you think of when you hear the buzzwords: dementia with gaze palsy and falls?

Answer 4

PSP - progressive supranuclear palsy

Question 5

What is the most common cause of dementia in younger patients?

Answer 5

AIDS

Question 6

Which anti epileptic drug is more likely to cause neural tube defects? Which are teratogenic?

Answer 6

valproate

Teratogenic: phenytoin, phenobarbital, topiramate, carbamazepine, valproic acid

Question 7

The teratogenic risk of AEDs is decreased by what vitamin?

Answer 7

folic acid

Question 8

What virus causes PML?

Answer 8

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is caused by the JC virus; PML is seen in patients with severe T cell immunodeficiences

Question 9

How do you get neurocysticercosis?

Answer 9

From ingesting food or water contaminated with taenia solium

Question 10

What diagnosis should you consider in an AIDS patient with progressive headache, cognitive impairment, and/or meningeal signs?

Answer 10

cryptococcal meningitis

Question 11

What kind of aphasia is a Broca’s aphasia?

Answer 11

Expressive - they understand but have trouble forming words

Question 12

What kind of aphasia is a Wernicke’s aphasia?

Answer 12

Receptive - they cannot comprehend written or spoken language; they often speak in invented words called neologisms

Question 13

What are some complications of SAH?

Answer 13

rebleeding, vasospasm, communicating hydrocephalus, and seizures

Question 14

A patient with RA presents after surgery with a focal neuro deficit. What happened?

Answer 14

Probably had c1-c2 spinal cord trauma induced by intubation; pt probably had chronic asymptomatic c1-c2 subluxation

Question 15

A person with acromegaly has nocturnal awakening due to hand pain and paresthesias. What does this person have?

Answer 15

carpel tunnel; there is an association between the 2

Question 16

You have a hiker who presents with new onset foot drop. What should you be thinking?

Answer 16

Mononeuritis multiplex from lyme disease

Question 17

A person gets a vaccine or virus. They develop pain in the shoulder with radiation to the arm, neck, and back. Within hours, the shoulder muscles and proximal arm muscles become weak. What is this?

Answer 17

neuralgic amyotrophy

Question 18

What should you think if a diabetic pt has a 3rd cranial neuropathy with pupillary dilatation?

Answer 18

think compression of the 3rd cranial nerve by an aneurysm of the posterior communicating artery; get MRI/MRA

Question 19

A diabetic taking metformin develops sensory changes. Why?

Answer 19

They have B12 malabsorption due to the metformin and have developed neuropathy as a result

Question 20

What type of tumor is associated with myasthenia gravis?

Answer 20

Thymomas and thymic hyperplasia

Question 21

Your patient was just diagnosed with Lambert-Eaton. What should you look for now?

Answer 21

A small cell lung cancer, or other malignancy

Question 22

_________ is a classic cause of orbital myopathy

Answer 22

Influenza

Question 23

Natalizumab (monoclonal AB used to treat MS) is associated with what disease?

Answer 23

PML - progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Question 24

wernicke triad

Answer 24

ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and confusion

Question 25

What diseases are associated with Bell’s palsy?

Answer 25

acute HIV, infection with HSV, infection with VZV, and early Lyme disease

Question 26

What are some causes of UMN and LMN findings in the same patient?

Answer 26

ALS, syringomyelia (LMN in upper limbs and UMN in lower), neurosyphilis and tabes dorsalis, subacute combined degeneration of the cord (vit B12), cervical spondylosis, and Friedreich ataxia.