Pulmonary Flashcards
1
Q
Embolus that pass through interventricular or inter arterial defect
A
Paradoxical embolus
2
Q
Common source of emboli
A
Deep calf vein
3
Q
Common location of emboli infarction
A
Lower lobe
4
Q
The great masquerader
A
Pulmo embolism
5
Q
Most common history in pulmo embo
A
Unexplained breathlessness
6
Q
Most common symptom pulmo embo
A
Dyspnea
7
Q
Most common sign pulmo embo
A
Tachypnea
8
Q
Most common history DVT
A
Cramp in lower leg for several days
9
Q
ECG sign pulmo embo (2)
A
Tachy, S1Q3T3
10
Q
Pulmo embo ECG common abnormality
A
T wave inversion V1-V4
11
Q
Primary criterion for DVT
A
Loss of vein compressibility UTZ
12
Q
Focal oligemia
A
Westermark’s sign
13
Q
Peripheral wedge shaped density above diaphragm
A
Hampton’s hump
14
Q
Enlarged right pulmo artery
A
Pall’s sign
15
Q
Principal imaging for PE
A
Chest CT w/ Contrast
16
Q
Second diagnostic test for PE
A
Lung scan
17
Q
High probability lung scan
A
2 or more segmental perfusion defect
18
Q
Large proximal PE diagnostic
A
MRI
19
Q
Hypokinesis of RV free wall
A
McConnell’s sign
20
Q
Definitive diagnosis of PE
A
Pulmo Angiography
21
Q
Diagnostic test for suspected DVT
A
Contrast plebography
22
Q
Direct thrombin inhibitor
A
Dabigatran
23
Q
Embolus at main pulmo artery bifurcation
A
Saddle embolus
24
Q
Accelerates activity of anti thrombin
A
Unfractioned Heparin
25
No monitoring or dose adjustment
Low molecular weight Heparin
26
Anti Xa pentasaccharide
Fondaparinux
27
Most common preventable death in hospitalized patients
Pulmo Embolism
28
Not associated with heparin induced thrombocytopenia
Fondaparinux
29
Monotherapy for symptomatic VTE patients with cancer
Dalteparin
30
Requires repeated dose adjustment
Unfractioned Heparin
31
Factor Xa inhibitor
Rivaroxaban
34
Most serious AE of anti coagulation
Hemorrhage
35
Antidote for hemorrhage induced by heparin
Protamine sulfate
36
Excessively high inr
Vit K
37
Renal insufficiency (anticoagulation)
Argatroban
38
Hepatic failure (anticoagulation)
Lepirudin
39
Indications for IVC filter (2)
Active bleeding
| Recurrent Venous thrombosis
40
Complication of IVC filter
Caval thrombosis with bilateral leg swelling
41
Indication for PE fibrinolysis
Massive PE
42
Most common and important agent of human disease
M. Tuberculosis
43
Initial infection tubercle bacilli
Primary TB
44
Lesion after initial infection
Ghon focus
45
Lung areas in Primary TB
Middle and lower
46
Lung area secondary TB
Upper lobe
47
New culture positive TB case
2HRZE4HR
48
TB in Pregnancy
2HRE7HR
49
TB relapse
3HRZES5HRE
50
Resistance to isoniazid
6RZE
51
Resistance to Rifampicin
12-18HZEQ
52
Resistance to H+R
At least 20 months ZEQ+S
53
Intolerance to Pyrazinamide
2HRE7HR
54
Chronic inflammatory disease of the airway
Asthma
55
Largest risk factor for asthma
Atopy
56
Physiologic abnormality of asthma
Airway hyper responsiveness
57
Whorl like accumulation of epithelial cells
Curschmann's spirals
58
Crystalloid of eosinophil derived protein
Charcot Leyden crystals
59
Most common stimuli asthma exacerbation
Infection
60
Stimuli that produce symptoms for weeks
Respiratory viruses
61
Triad of asthma
Dyspnea, cough, wheezing
62
Test of compliance to therapy
Exhaled nitric oxide
63
Confirms airflow limitation
Spirometry - reduced FEV1/FVC
64
Inhibit smooth muscle contraction (3)
Beta agonist
Methylxanthine
Anticholinergic
65
Symptom relief
Short acting beta agonist
66
Relief of nocturnal exacerbation
Corticosteroids
67
Side effect of B2 agonist
Muscle tremor and palpitations
67
SABAs
Albuterol
| Terbutaline
67
LABA
Salmeterol
| Formeterol
68
Muscarinic receptor antagonist
Ipratropium
69
SE of anticholinergic
Dry mouth
Urinary retention
Glaucoma
70
Used with Inhaled Corticosteroids
LABAs
71
Inhibits phosphodiesterase in airway smooth muscle cells
Theophylline
72
Block cys-LT1 receptors
Antileukotrienes
73
Cataract as SE
Systemic corticosteroids
74
Childhood asthma
Cromones
75
Reduce exacerbation of severe asthma
Anti - IgE (Omalizumab)
76
Destruction and enlargement of alveoli
Emphysema
77
Chronic cough & phlegm
Chronic bronchitis
78
COPD Risk Factors (3)
Smoking
Airway responsiveness
Occupational exposure
79
Genetic determinants Asthma and COPD
ADAM33
| MMP12
80
Significant risk factor emphysema both smoker and non smoker
Coal mine dust
81
COPD susceptibility determinant
Hedgehog interacting protein (HHIP) in chromosome 4
82
Typical finding COPD
Persistent reduction in forced expiratory flow
83
Pink puffer
Emphysema
84
Blue bloater
Chronic bronchitis
85
COPD ABG
Hypercapnia
86
COPD criteria for severity
Gold criteria
87
Early alveolar edema and neutrophilic infiltration in ARDS
Exudative phase
88
Interstitial inflammation
Proliferative
89
Virchow's triad
Venous stasis
Hypercoagulability
Vascular injury
90
Most common inherited thrombophilia
Factor V Leiden deficiency
91
Consequence of venous thromboembolism
Hypoxemia
| Pulmo infarct
92
Most common symptom in venous thromboembolism
Swelling, pain, erythema and warmth
93
Gold standard diagnostic for DVT
Contrast Venography
94
Prominent central artery
Fleischner sign
95
Drug of choice for pulmo embolism (parenteral)
Unfractioned heparin
96
Drug of choice for pulmo embo (oral)
Warfarin
97
Property of acid fast of M. TB is due to
Mycolic acid
98
Responsible for caseous necrosis in TB
Phosphatides
99
Mode of transmission in TB
Droplet nuclei
100
Most common symptom of TB
Unexplained weight loss
101
Classic X-ray of TB
Upper lobe infiltrates with cavitation
102
Gold standard for TB diagnosis
Culture
103
Culture media for M. TB
Lowenstein-Jensen
| Middle brook
104
Hypersensitivity reaction in Extrinsic Asthma
Type 1 IgE mediated
105
Most common trigger for extrinsic asthma
Atopy
106
Most common trigger for intrinsic asthma
Respi infections
107
Ciliated columnar cells sloughed off from bronchial linings
Creola bodies
108
Severe airway obstruction persisting for days to weeks
Status Asthmaticus
109
Reid Index
Chronic Bronchitis
110
Hallmark of acute inflammation
Inc vascular permeability
111
Increase size of bronchial mucous glands, squamous metaplasia of epithelium; dysplasia and bronchial narrowing from mucous plugging; fibrosis
Chronic bronchitis
112
Hallmark of chronic inflammation
Fibrosis
113
Alpha1 anti-trypsin deficiency
Emphysema
114
Abnormal permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles with destruction of alveolar walls
Emphysema
115
Most common type of emphysema in smokers
Centrilobar
116
Type of emphysema associated with spontaneous pneumothorax
Paraseptal
117
Emphysema associated with scarring
Irregular
118
Cause of pneumothorax
Bleb
119
Hallmark of COPD
Airway obstruction
120
Treatment for COPD
Smoking cessation
121
Target O2 sat for COPD
88-92%
122
Sinusitis, bronchiectasis, situs inversus
Kartagener's Syndrome
123
Abnormal & irreversible dilation of the bronchial tree proximal to
terminal bronchioles
Bronchiectasis
124
Prominent cystic spaces
Bronchiectasis
125
Honeycomb lung
Bronchiectasis
126
Lobe commonly involved in bronchiectasis
Bilateral lower lobes
127
Patchy consolidation of lung
Bronchopneumonia
128
Acute bacterial infection of a large portion of a lobe or an entire lobe
Lobar pneumonia
129
Most common cause of atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma
130
Most common cause of lobar pneumonia
Strep pneumoniae
131
Areas in the lung where bacteria can spread
Pores of Kohn
132
Red vascular engorgement of lung with numerous bacteria
Congestion
133
Exudation of RBC with liver-like consistency
Red Hepatization
134
Disintegration of RBCs, fibrinosuppurative exudate
Gray hepatization
135
Consolidated exudates within alveolar spaces
| Organization and thickening
Resolution
136
Pathognomonic for Staph aureus pneumonia
Pneumatocele
137
Pneumatocele
PVL
| Staph aureus
138
PNA with Fleur de lis pattern
Pseudomonas pneumonia
139
Walking pneumonia
Mycoplasma
140
X-Ray looks worse than the patient
Mycoplasma PNA
141
PNA associated with aircon
Legionella
142
PNA with Hemolytic anemia
Mycoplasma
143
Etiologic agent for SARS
SARS corona virus
144
Enzyme that makes superbugs
New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1
145
Superbugs
E.coli
| Kleibsiella
146
Treatment for superbugs
Polymyxin
| Tigecycline
147
Most effective controller
Corticosteroids
