Pedia Flashcards
Origin of pituitary gland
Rathke’s pouch
Most common pituitary tumor in children
Craniopharyngioma
Most common pituitary tumor in adults
Prolactinoma
Absent or low GH
Hypopituitarism
Polyuria
> 5cc/k/hr
Polyuria and polydypsia
Diabetes Insipidus
ADH deficiency
Central Diabetes Insipidus
ADH insensitive kidneys
Peripheral Diabetes Insipidus
Most common cause of Diabetes Insipidus
Brain tumor
Pale urine (SG 1.001-1.005) Hypernatremia
Diabetes Insipidus
Breast bud before 8 years old
Precocious puberty
Testicular enlargement before 9
Precocious puberty
Most common cause of Precocious puberty
Hypothalamic hamartomas
Unilateral cafe au lait spots
Precocious puberty
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
McCune Albright Syndrome
Treatment for McCune Albright Syndrome
Leuprolide acetate
21-hydroxylase deficiency
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Most common cause of ambiguous genitalia
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Treatment for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Cortisol
Male phenotype of Turner’s Syndrome
Noonan Syndrome
Pulmonary stenosis
Pigeon breast
Webbed neck
Noonan Syndrome
Most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism
Thyroid dysgenesis
Most common site of ectopic thyroid
Base of tongue
Sublingual
Prolonged jaundice
Growth deceleration
Large tongue
Congenital Hypothyroidism
Drug of choice for Congenital Hypothyroidism
Levothyroxine
Most common cause of acquired hypothyroidism
Thyroiditis
Most common cause of thyroid disease in children
Thyroiditis
Autoimmune
Hypothyroidism
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Autoimmune
Hyperthyroidism
Grave’s disease
Kettering or Bart’s test
AFP
Estriol
Beta HCG
Catecholamine secreting tumor
Pheochromocytoma
Diagnostic for Pheochromocytoma
Urine VMA
Treatment for HTN crisis in Pheochromocytoma
Phenoxybenzmine
Newborn Screening
48-72 hours after birth
5 alpha reductase deficiency
Male pseudohermaphroditism
Galactose 1 phosphate uridyltransferase
Galactosemia
Episodic hemolytic anemia
G6PD
Heinz bodies
G6PD
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Phenylketonuria
Tetrahydobiopterin
Phenylketonuria
Mousy odor
Phenylketonuria
Diagnosis of Phenylketonuria prenatally
DNA probe
Test for urinary phenylpyruvate
FeCl3
FAH
Tyrosinemia I
Tyrosine aminotransferase
Tyrosinemia II
4-HPPD
Tyrosinemia III
Homogentisate oxidase
Alkaptonuria
Tyrosine hydroxylase
Albinism
Acute hepatic crisis
Acute peripheral neuropathy
Renal involvement
Tyrosinemia
Succinylacetoacetate and succinylacetone in urine
Tyrosinemia
Most common inborn error of methionine metabolism
Homocystinuria
Cystathione synthase
Homocystinuria
Treatment for Homocystinuria
Vitamin B6
Branched chain alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase
Maple Syrup Urine disease
Branched chain amino acids
Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine
Poor feeding Lethargy and coma Hypertonic Opisthotonus Maples syrup odor
Maple Syrup Urine disease
Sweaty feet
Acrid
Glutaric acidemia
Isovaleric aciduria
Boiled cabbage
Tyrosinemia
Hypermethioninemia
Rotting fish
Trimethylaminuria
Zellweger syndrome
Infantile Refsum disease
Adrenoleukodystrophy
Very Long Chain Fatty Acid disorder
7-dehydrocholesterol reductase
Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome
Syndactyly
Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome
Hexosaminidase a
Tay Sach’s Disease
Cherry red spot
Tay Sach’s Disease
Niemann-Pick’s Disease
Hexosaminidase a and b
Sandhoff disease
Coarse granulations in bone marrow histiocytes
Sandhoff disease
Sphingomyelinase
Niemann-Pick’s disease
Foam cells
Fabry
Niemann-Pick’s disease
Ceramidase
Farber/Lipogranulomatosis
Periarticular subcutaneous swelling
Progressive arthropathy
Farber/Lipogranulomatosis
Pipercolate oxidase
Cerebrohepatorenal/Zellweger disease
Copper dependent enzymes
Menkes/Kinky/Steely Hair disease
Pili torti
Hypotonia
Menkes/Kinky/Steely Hair disease
Arylsulfatase A
Metachromatic leukodystrophy
Fronto-occipital demyelination
Metachromatic leukodystrophy
(+) urine sulfatide
Metachromatic leukodystrophy
Galactocerebrosidase
Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy
Tryptophan deficiency
Hartnup disease
Scaly rash like Pellagra
Episodic cerebellar ataxia
Hartnup disease
Dermatitis
Diarrhea
Dementia
Death
Pellagra
Phytanol coA dehydroxylase
Refsum disease
Peroxin 7
Refsum disease
alpha-L-iduronidase
Hurler Syndrome
Corneal clouding
Coarse facies
Hurler Syndrome
Iduronate sulfatase
Hunter Syndrome
Glucose 6 phosphatase
G6PD/Von Gierke’s disease
Hepatomegaly
Hypoglycemia
Lactic acidosis
G6PD/Von Gierke’s disease
Protects RBC from oxidative stress
Glutathione reductase
Cherubin facies
G6PD/Von Gierke’s disease
Definitive diagnosis of G6PD/Von Gierke’s disease
Liver biopsy
Medications used for G6PD/Von Gierke’s disease
Allopurinol
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors
Fibrates
Avoid in G6PD/Von Gierke’s disease
Sulfas
Anti malarial
Fava beans
Aspirin
Familial idiopathic calcification of basal ganglia
Fahr disease
Bilateral basal ganglia calcification
Parkinsonism
Fahr disease
Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRTase)
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
Self injury/mutilation
Hyperuricemia
Extrapyramidal symptoms
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
Definitive diagnosis for Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
HPRT enzyme analysis
Prevent renal failure in Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
Allopurinol
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor
Allopurinol
Frozen eyeball
Retinitis pigmentosa
Kearns-Sayre syndrome
Bony spicule on fundoscopy
Retinitis pigmentosa of Kearns-Sayre syndrome
Most frequent mitochondrial disease of perinatal period and infancy
Leigh encephalopathy/Subacute Periventricular Necrotizing Encephalopathy
Small vessel vasculitis
Henoch Schonlein Purpura
Medium vessel vasculitis
Panarteritis nodosa
Large vessel vasculitis
Takayasu
Most common vasculitis in children
Henoch Schonlein Purpura
Anaphylactoid purpura
Henoch Schonlein Purpura
Palpable purpura following URTI
Henoch Schonlein Purpura
Leukoclastic angitis
Henoch Schonlein Purpura
Second most common vasculitis in children
Kawasaki disease/Mucocutaneous lymphadenopathy
Conjunctivitis
Strawberry tongue
Unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy
Kawasaki disease/Mucocutaneous lymphadenopathy
Drug of choice for Kawasaki disease/Mucocutaneous lymphadenopathy
IVIG
Most common cause of death Kawasaki disease/Mucocutaneous lymphadenopathy
Coronary artery aneurysm
Hepatic failure associated with aspirin
Reye syndrome
Fibrinoid necrosis of medium vessels
Blindness
Panarteritis nodosa
Treatment for Panarteritis nodosa
Corticosteroids
Most common systemic disease associated with Panarteritis nodosa
Hepatitis B
Frataxin gene
Chromosome 9
Friedrich ataxia
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Kyphoscolosis
Pes cavus
Friedrich ataxia
PMP22 gene
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Peroneal muscular atrophy
Foot drop
High arched foot
Stork legs
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Most common peripheral neuropathy
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Cerebellar and retinal hemangioblastoma
Von Hippel Lindau disease
Associated cancer in Von Hippel Lindau disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Pulseless disease with claudication
Takayasu
Treatment for Takayasu
Steroids
Progressive ataxia
Apraxia
Choreoathetosis
Telangiectasias
Ataxia-Telangiectasia
Deletion of short arm of chromosome 5
Cri du chat syndrome
XXY
Decreased muscle tone
Dysmetria
Kleinfelter syndrome
45X Sexual infantilism Webbed neck Short Ovarian dysgenesis
Turner syndrome
Paternal deletion chromosome 15
Prader Willi syndrome
Obese
Hyperphagia
Mental retardation
Prader Willi syndrome
Maternal deletion chromosome 15
Angelman syndrome
Happy puppet
Angelman syndrome
Macroglossia
Intractable neonatal hypoglycemia
Facial nevus flammeus
Earlobe creases
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
Pathogens for early onset sepsis
Group B Streptococcus
E. Coli
Listeria monocytogenes
Conjunctivitis in neonates
Ophthalmia Neonatorum
Pathogens for late onset sepsis
Staphylococcus aureus
Gram negative enterics
TORCHS
Toxoplasmosis Others Rubella CMV Herpes Simplex Syphilis
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasma gondii
Chorioretinitis
Hydrocephalus
Intracranial calcifications
Toxoplasmosis
Treatment for Toxoplasmosis
Pyrimethamine
Treponema pallidum
Syphilis
Anterior bowing of mid portion of the tibia
Saber shins
Leads to saber shins
Periostitis of long bones
Barrel shaped upper incisors during 6 yrs old
Hutchinson teeth
Abnormal lower molars with small biting surface and excessive cusps
Mulberry molars
Depression of nasal root due to destruction of the bone and cartilage
Saddle nose
Unilateral or bilateral synovitis of the lower extremities
Clutton joint
Treatment for Syphilis
Penicillin
Varicella zoster
Neonatal varicella
Associated with Horner syndrome
Neonatal Varicella
Zigzag scarring in dermatomal distribution
Cicatrix
Treatment for Varicella
Acyclovir
Sensorineural hearing loss
Cataract and glaucoma
PDA
Congenital Rubella
Blueberry muffin lesion
Congenital Rubella
Diagnostic of Congenital Rubella
Rubella specific IgM Antibody
Most common cause of congenital infection
Cytomegalovirus
Hepatosplenomegaly
Jaundice
Petechia
Purpura
Cytomegalo inclusion disease
Definitive diagnosis for Cytomegalovirus
Virus isolation or PCR
Best culture specimen for CMV detection
Urine
Saliva
Treatment for CMV infection
Gangciclovir
Hallmark of HSV infection
Vesicular rash
Microcephaly
Chorioretinitis
Microphthalmia
Vesicular rash
HSV
Aplasia cutis
HSV
Gold standard for diagnosis of HSV
PCR assay
Treatment for HSV
Acyclovir
Vidarabine
Closure of neural tube
3rd - 4th week AOG
Midline defect of vertebral bodies
Spina bifida occulta
Spina bifida occulta involves
L5-S1
Hair patch
Dermal sinus
Spina bifida occulta
Premature closure of skull suture
Craniosynostosis
Meninges herniate
Transilluminate
Meningocoele
Most severe form of dysraphism involving the vertebral column
Myelomeningocoele
Most common location of Myelomeningocoele
Lumbosacral
Cranium bifidum
Encephalocoele
Most common location of Encephalocoele
Occipital
Most common location of Encephalocoele in Asians
Frontal
Nasofrontal
Failure of closure of anterior neuropore
Anencephaly
Anencephaly associated with
Polyhydramnios
Impaired absorption or increased production of CSF
Hydrocephalus
Most common cause of congenital hydrocephalus
Aqueductal stenosis
Most common cause of obstructive hydrocephalus
Aqueductal stenosis
Most common cause of SAH complication
Communicating hydrocephalus
Sun setting eyes
Macewen sign
Hydrocephalus
Caudal displacement of cerebellar TONSILS
Type I Chiari
Most common Chiari
Type II Chiari
Fourth ventricle and medulla herniated
Type II Chiari
Cervical spina bifida
Dandy-Walker malformation
Type III Chiari
Hydrocephalus
Absence of cerebellar vermis
Posterior fossa cyst
Dandy-Walker malformation
Most common seizure disorder in children
Febrile seizure
Seizure lasting for more than 15 minutes and recurs after 24 hours
Atypical/Complex febrile seizure
Treatment for Atypical/Complex febrile seizure
Diazepam
Sudden cessation of motor or speech with blank stare
Head falls forward
Absence/Petit mal seizure
Treatment of Absence seizure
Ethosuxemide
Valproic acid
3/sec EEG spike
Absence/Petit mal seizure
Pineal tumor
Paralysis of upward gaze
Parinaud syndrome
Most common
>6 cafe au lait spots
Lisch nodules
Optic glioma
Neurofibromatosis 1
Bilateral acoustic schwanomma
Neurofibromatosis 2
Tubers
Tuberous sclerosis
Ash leaf lesions Shagreen patch at lumbosacral area Sebaceous adenoma Mulberry tumors in retina Cardiac rhabdomyomas
Tuberous sclerosis
Spider cells
Cardiac rhabdomyomas
Facial nevus
Seizures
Intracranial calcifications with serpentine or railroad tract appearance
Sturge Weber
Most common chronic motor disability
Cerebral palsy
Most common hereditary neuromuscular disorder
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Gower sign
Pseudohypertrophy of calves
Cardiomyopathy
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Dystrophin gene
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Most common acquired chorea of childhood
Syndeham chorea
Sole neurological manifestation of Rheumatic fever
Syndeham chorea
Darting tongue
Symmetric
Disappear in sleep
Syndeham chorea
Motor or vocal tics
OCD
Gilles de la Tourette
Treatment for Gilles de la Tourette
Haloperidol
Choking, Coughing, Cyanosis with attempt at feeding
Trcheoesophageal fistula
Most common type of Tracheoesophageal fistula
A: fistula connecting trachea to distal esophagus
Associated with Tracheoesophageal fistula
Polyhydramnios
VACTERL
VACTERL
Vertebral Anorectal Cardiac Trachea Esophagus Radial/Renal Limb
Loss of normal peristalsis
Failure of LES to relax
Achalasia
Decreased ganglion cells
Achalasia
Beaking in barium swallow
Achalasia
Confirmatory for Achalasia
Esophageal manometry
Medical treatment for Achalasia
Nifedipine
Definitive treatment for Achalasia
Heller myotomy
Non bilous vomiting
Blood types O and B
Palpable olive
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Shoulder sign
String sign
Double tract sign
Hypertrophic Pyloric stenosis
Surgery for Hypertrophic Pyloric stenosis
Ramstedt pyloromyotomy
Severe epigastric pain
Intractable retching with emesis
Inability to pass a tube in the stomach
Gastric volvolus
Failure to recanalize lumen of the intestine during 4th-5th week AOG
Duodenal atresia
Bilous vomiting
Premature
Down syndrome
Duodenal atresia
Double bubble sign on X-Ray
Duodenal atresia
Ground glass appearance
Cystic fibrosis
Meconium ileus
Soap bubble sign
Meconium ileus
Most common congenital GIT anomaly
Meckel diverticulum
Remnant of embryonic sac
Omphalomesenteric/Vitelline duct
2 ectopic tissue in Meckel diverticulum
Gastric (MC)
Pancreatic
Most common cause of lower GI bleeding in children
Meckel diverticulum
Most common complication of Meckel diverticulum
Bleeding
Second most common complication of
Meckel diverticulum
Perforation
Ectopia lentis
Homocystinuria
Marfan’s Syndrome
Ectopia lentis
Osteoporosis
Atherosclerosis
Homocystinuria
Most common cause of lower intestinal obstruction
Hirschprung disease
Absence of ganglion cells
Hirschprung disease
Absence of Meissner and Auerbach plexus
Hirschprung disease
Most common intestinal obstruction in 3 mos to 6 years
Intussuseption
Sausage shaped mass
Currant jelly stools
Intussuseption
Prolonged elevated level of conjugated bilirubin after 14th DOL
Neonatal cholestasis
Jaundice
Hepatomegaly
Acholic stools
Neonatal cholestasis
Infection due to inadequate umbilical cord care
Omphalitis
Abdominal distention
Absent bowel sounds
Pneumatosis intestinalis
Premature
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Jaundice first 24 hours of life
Pathologic jaundice
Jaundice after 48 hours of life
Physiologic Jaundice
Jaundice on 3-4 DOL
Breastfed
Breastfeeding jaundice
Jaundice after 7th DOL
Breastfeeding
Breast milk jaundice
Most common skin disorder of infancy
Diaper dermatitis
Standard of skeletal maturation
Gruelich and Pyle
Most common conversion symptom
Pseudoseizure
Most common cause of daytime enuresis
Micturition deferral
Most common compulsion of OCD
Hand washing
Continual clock checking
Touching
Most common suicide in pre adolescent
Jumping from heights
Most common learning disability
Dyslexia
Most common cause of underweight in infancy
Nutritional neglect
Most common manifestation of child abuse
Bruises
Most common cause of death in physical abuse
Head trauma
Most common presentation of failure to thrive in developed countries
Failure to thrive
Most common presentation of failure to thrive in developing countries
Recurrent infections
Kwashiorkor
Marasmus
Most common error in administering parenteral fluid in surgery
Excessive administration
Ectopia lentis
Osteoporosis
Atherosclerosis
Homocystinuria
Most common cause of lower intestinal obstruction
Hirschprung disease
Absence of ganglion cells
Hirschprung disease
Absence of Meissner and Auerbach plexus
Hirschprung disease
Most common intestinal obstruction in 3 mos to 6 years
Intussuseption
Sausage shaped mass
Currant jelly stools
Intussuseption
Prolonged elevated level of conjugated bilirubin after 14th DOL
Neonatal cholestasis
Jaundice
Hepatomegaly
Acholic stools
Neonatal cholestasis
Infection due to inadequate umbilical cord care
Omphalitis
Abdominal distention
Absent bowel sounds
Pneumatosis intestinalis
Premature
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Jaundice first 24 hours of life
Pathologic jaundice
Jaundice after 48 hours of life
Physiologic Jaundice
Jaundice on 3-4 DOL
Breastfed
Breastfeeding jaundice
Jaundice after 7th DOL
Breastfeeding
Breast milk jaundice
Most common skin disorder of infancy
Diaper dermatitis
Standard of skeletal maturation
Gruelich and Pyle
Most common conversion symptom
Pseudoseizure
Most common cause of daytime enuresis
Micturition deferral
Most common compulsion of OCD
Hand washing
Continual clock checking
Touching
Most common suicide in pre adolescent
Jumping from heights
Most common learning disability
Dyslexia
Most common cause of underweight in infancy
Nutritional neglect
Most common manifestation of child abuse
Bruises
Most common cause of death in physical abuse
Head trauma
Most common presentation of failure to thrive in developed countries
Failure to thrive
Most common presentation of failure to thrive in developing countries
Recurrent infections
Kwashiorkor
Marasmus
Most common error in administering parenteral fluid in surgery
Excessive administration
Inherited form of non hemolytic jaundice
Criggler-Najjar
Defect in secreting conjugated bilirubin
Dubin-Johnson
Most common hereditary cause of increased unconjugated bilirubin
Gilbert syndrome
Non-itching jaundice
Rotor Syndrome
Pharmacologic induction of glucoronyl transferase to enhance hepatic uptake
Phenobarbital
Prolonged elevation of conjugated bilirubin
Cholestatic jaundice
Bull neck appearance
Pseudomembrane
Toxic cardiomyopathy
Diphtheria
Diphtheria
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Treatment for diphtheria
Antitoxin (DPT)
Penicillin
Epiglottitis Meningitis Otitis Orbital cellulitis Sinusitis
Haemophilus influenzae
Treatment for Haemophilus influenzae
Ampicillin
Egg allergy
Haemophilus influenzae vaccine
Most common cause of otitis and lobar pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Whooping cough
Bordetella pertussis
Most infectious stage of pertussis
Catarrhal
Diagnosis of pertussis
Culture
Treatment for pertussis
Erythromycin
Prevention of pertussis
Immunization
Stridor
Sits upright leaning forward
Drooling
Epiglottitis
Thumbprint sign
Epiglottitis
Swelling of larynx, trachea, and bronchi
Laryngotracheobronchitis/Croup
Most common cause of Laryngotracheobronchitis/Croup
Parainfluenzae
Steeple sign
Laryngotracheobronchitis/Croup
Bronchospasm
Mucus production
Airway edema
Reversible
Asthma
Lung hyperinflation
Asthma
Localized pleurisy between mid and lower lobes
Lymphadenopathy
Primary complex
TB Class for asymptomatic, (+) PPD
Class II
TB Class for asymptomatic, (+) Radiographic evidence
Class IV
TB Class for symptomatic
Class III
TB drug red orange fluid
Rifampin
TB drug hepatotoxic
Pyrazinamide
TB drug ototoxic, nephrotoxic
Streptomycin
TB drug optic neuritis
Ethambutol
TB drug vitamin B6 deficiency
Isoniazid
TB drug hyperuricemia
Pyrazinamide
Inflammation of bronchioles leading to partial or complete obliteration of the airways
Bronchiolitis
Etiologic agent of Bronchiolitis
RSV
Severe form of Bronchiolitis seen in adults
Bronchiolitis obliterans
Brassy cough
Bacterial tracheitis
Most common cause of Bacterial tracheitis
Staph aureus
Pea soup diarrhea
Rose spots
Enteric fever
Profuse rice water stools
Cholera
Indication of capillary permeability
Hemoconcentration
Source of Vit B12
Meat
Diphylobotrium latum
Vit B12 deficiency
Test for Vit B12 absorption
Schilling test
Vit B12 deficiency affecting the spinal cord
Subacute Combined degeneration
Most common hematologic disease of infancy and childhood
Iron deficiency anemia
Most common cancer of childhood
Leukemia
Spectrin
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Diagnostic for Hereditary Spherocytosis
Osmotic fragility test
Hemarthosis
Hemophilia A/Factor VIII
Christmas disease
Hemophilia B/Factor IX deficiency
Most common hereditary bleeding disorder
Von Willebrand disease
Affected by Warfarin
Extrinsic pathway
Vitamin K deficiency
Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn
Vit K dependent factors
2,7,9,10
Treatment of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn
Vit K
Most common hemolytic disease of the newborn
ABO incompatibility
Most common antigen to cause Rh incompatibility
D antigen
Congenital hypoplastic bone marrow
Pure red cell aplasia
Diamond Blackfan syndrome
Increased erythrocyte adenosine deaminase
Diamond Blackfan syndrome
Most common leukemia
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Spontaneous bleeding
Blast cells
Hypocellular marrow
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Predominant congenital leukemia
Acute myelogenous leukemia
Myeloperoxidase
Auer rods
Acute myelogenous leukemia
Reed sternberg cell
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Most common Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Nodular Sclerosing
Worst prognosis Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Lymphocytic depletion
Most reed sternberg cells
Mixed cellularity
Sunburst pattern
Metaphysis
Osteosarcoma
Onion skinning
Diaphysis
Ewing tumor
Most common extra cranial tumor
Neuroblastoma
Homer wright pseudorosettes
Neuroblastoma
Renal cell carcinoma with worst prognosis
Bellini duct tumors
Most common pediatric soft tissue tumor
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Most common childhood vaginal tumor
Botyroid Rhabdomyosarcoma
Leukocoria
Flexner Wintersteiner bodies
Retinoblastoma
Most common primary malignant liver neoplasm in children
Hepatoblastoma
Elevated alpha feto protein
Chemo sensitive
Hepatoblastoma
Most common nephropathy worldwide
IgA nephropathy
Most common cause of gross hematuria in children
IgA nephropathy
Mesangial IgA deposits
IgA nephropathy
Most common hereditary nephritis
Alport syndrome
Alport syndrome
Type 4 collagen
Kidney
Sensorineural hearing loss
Alport syndrome
Lumpy bumpy
Post Strep GN
Post Strep GN
GABHS
Most common nephrosis in childhood
Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
WT1 gene
Wilm’s tumor
Retrograde flow of urine
Vesicoureteral reflux
Diagnostic for Vesicoureteral reflux
Voiding cystouretrogram
Irritability
Wizened face
Emaciation
Marasmus
Zinc deficiency
Acrodermatitis enterohepatica
Vitamin C deficiency
Scurvy
Scorbutic rosary
Bluish spongy swelling of mucous membrane
Ground glass appearance
Scurvy
Widening of wrists and ankles
Craniotabes
Rachitic rosary
Harrison grove
Rickets
Surfactant immaturity
Preterm
Ground glass
Respiratory distress syndrome
Bubbly lungs
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
