Gastro Flashcards
1
Q
Long standing UC has
A
Pseudopolyps
2
Q
Megacolon
A
Hirschprung
3
Q
Flask shaped ulcers in colon
A
Entamoeba Histolytica
4
Q
Villous atrophy and crypt regeneration
A
Backwash ileitis
5
Q
Hepatic tympany with tenderness on palpation
A
Megacolon
6
Q
No ulceration on endoscopy
A
Moderate UC
7
Q
Febrile, tachycardic, anemic, inc. ESR
A
Severe UC
8
Q
Ulcerations on endoscopy
A
Severe UC
9
Q
Most dangerous complication of UC
A
Perforation
10
Q
Bamboo spine
A
Ankylosing Spondylitis
11
Q
Arthritis, uveitis, urethritis
A
Reiter syndrome
12
Q
Earliest radiological change in UC seen in barium enema
A
Fine mucosal granularity
13
Q
Highly sensitive for intestinal inflammation
A
Fecal lactoferrin
14
Q
Predict relapse and detect pouchitis
A
Fecal calprotectin
15
Q
Assess disease severity
A
Sigmoidoscopy
16
Q
Assess extent of disease
A
Colonoscopy
17
Q
Collar button ulcers
A
Ulcerative Colitis
18
Q
Mainstay treatment for UC
A
Sulfasalazine
19
Q
Rectal sparing
A
Chron’s disease
20
Q
Earliest lesion in CD
A
Aphthous ulcer
21
Q
Pathologic hallmark of CD
A
Focal transmural inflammatory process
22
Q
Pathognomonic in CD
A
“Creeping fat” or “Fat wrapping”
23
Q
Histologic hallmark in CD
A
Non caseating granulomas
24
Q
Most common extraintestinal manifestation in CD
A
Perianal skin tag
25
First line test in CD
CT Enterography
26
Pathognomonic radiographic finding in CD
String sign
27
Treatment for CD
Sulfasalazine
28
Treatment for unresponsive CD
Surgery
29
Operation of choice for UC
Ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA)
30
Cobblestoning
Chron's Disease
31
ANCA positive
Ulcerative Colitis
32
Fistula
Chron's disease
33
Palpable abdominal mass
Chron's disease
34
Skip lesion
Chron's disease
35
Associated with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Ulcerative Colitis
36
Granuloma on biopsy
Chron's disease
37
Responds well to antibiotics (CD or UC)
Chron's disease
38
Recur after surgery (CD or UC)
Chron's disease
39
Risk of developing Colon Ca
Ulcerative Colitis
40
Associated with megacolon
Ulcerative Colitis
41
Associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Ulcerative Colitis
42
Endocrine Pancreas
Islet of Langerhans
43
Exocrine Pancreas
Pancreatic acinar
44
Reversible changes to Pancreas
Acute Pancreatitis
45
Most common cause of acute pancreatitis
Gallstones
46
Most common cause for chronic pancreatitis
Alcohol
47
Microvascular leakage and enzymatic fat necrosis
Acute pancreatitis
48
More sensitive indicator for acute pancreatitis
Lipase
49
Red black hemorrhage with foci of chalky fat necrosis
Acute necrotizing pancreatitis
50
Most severe form of pancreatitis
Hemorrhagic pancreatitis
51
Extensive parenchymal necrosis with hemorrhage within the pancreas
Hemorrhagic pancreatitis
52
Triggering event in Acute Pancreatitis
Inappropriate activation of Trypsinogen
53
Cardinal manifestation of Acute Pancreatitis
Abdominal pain
54
Irreversible loss of exocrine pancreas
Chronic Pancreatitis
55
Pancreatic enzyme elevated in the first 24 hours of Acute Pancreatitis
Amylase
56
Enzyme elevated within 72 to 96 hours in pancreatitis
Lipase
57
Colon cut-off sign
Acute Pancreatitis
58
Chain of lakes
Chronic pancreatitis
59
Most common cause of pancreatitis in children
Cystic Fibrosis
60
Diagnostic test for chronic pancreatitis
Secretin test
61
Increased mortality rate in pancreatitis
Hypoalbuminemia and markedly elevated serum LDH
62
BISAP scoring
```
Acute Pancreatitis
BUN >25
Impaired mental status
SIRS
Age>60
Pleural effusion
```
63
Bleeding distal to ligament of Treitz
LGIB
64
Bleeding proximal to ligament of Treitz
UGIB
65
Most common cause of UGIB
Peptic ulcers
66
Coffee ground vomitus
Hematemesis - UGIB
67
Bright red blood from rectum
Hematochezia - LGIB
68
Black, tarry, foul smelling stools
Melena - UGIB
69
Hematemesis in alcoholics
Mallory Weiss tear
70
Most common cause of LGIB in children
Meckel's diverticulum
71
Most common cause of LGIB
Hemorrhoids
72
Diagnostic test of choice in UGIB
Upper endoscopy
73
Initial test for massive obscure bleeding
Angiography
74
Endoscopic therapy of choice for esophageal varies
Ligation
75
Most common primary malignancy of the liver
Hepatocellular carcinoma
76
Most common malignancy of the liver
Metastasis
77
Aflatoxin b1
Hepatocellular CA
78
Vinyl Chloride
Angiosarcoma of the liver
79
Asbestos
Mesothelioma
80
Mutation in ______ cause hepatocellular ca
Kras and p53
81
Transcriptional activator in HBV gene
X protein
82
Most common presenting symptom in Hepatocellular Ca
Abdominal pain
83
Most common sign in hepatocellular ca
Hepatomegaly
84
HCC invasion of Hepatic Veins
Budd Chiari syndrome
85
Post sinusoidal obstruction
Budd Chiari syndrome
86
Pre sinusoidal obstruction
Schistosomiasis
87
Serum tumor marker of HCC
Alpha fetoprotein
88
Protein induced by Vit K absence in HCC
Des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin (DCP)
89
Hepatocellular Ca staging
Child-Turcotte Pugh Score
- Bilirubin
- Albumin
- INR
- Encephalopathy
- Ascites
90
Decompensated hepatoma (Child Pugh Class)
Class C
91
Associated with Clonorchis Sinensis
Cholangiocarcinoma
92
Most common liver tumor in childhood
Hepatoblastoma
93
Treatment for hepatoblastoma
Chemo and complete resection
94
Liver cells are progressively destroyed and replaced by fatty fibrous tissue
Liver cirrhosis
95
Hallmark of liver cirrhosis
Activation of Stellate cells
96
Stigmata of liver cirrhosis
Palmar erythema, spider angioma, gynecomastia
97
Metabolite that kills liver cells
Acetaldehyde
98
Portal inflammation and necrosis of cholangiocytes
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
99
Diagnostic test for Primary Biliary cirrhosis
AMA
100
Mainstay treatment for Liver Cirrhosis
Abstinence
101
Reduce alcohol craving
Acamprosate calcium
102
Treatment for Cirrhosis due to Hep B
Lamivudine
103
Treatment for cirrhosis due to Hep C
Ribavirin and pegylated interferon
104
Treatment of choice for decompensated cirrhosis due to Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Liver transplantation
105
Treatment that shows improve biochemical and histologic feature of cirrhosis
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)
106
Diffuse inflammation and fibrosis of the entire biliary tree
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
107
Imaging technique of choice for initial evaluation of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
MRI with MRCP
108
IBD involving colon and rectum
Ulcerative Colitis
