Pulmonary Flashcards
What is IRV and percentage?
Inspiratory reserve volume
All air I can bring in
50%
What is TV and percentage?
Tidal volume
Air I breathe @ rest in and out
10%
What is ERV and percentage?
Expiratory reserve volume
Puff of air after TV expiration
15%
What is RV and percentage?
Residual volume
Air that is trapped in the lungs
25%
What is VC and percentage?
Vital capacity
All air I can control
75%
What is TLC and percentage?
Total lung capacity
All the air
100%
What volume never changes and what drops no matter the disease?
Tidal volume never changes
ERV and VC drops
What is rhonchi?
Snore
What is Cheyne stokes?
Death rattle or newborn
( no breathing for 30-40 sec then big gasp)
What is respiratory acidosis?
Aveolar hypo- ventilation
What is respiratory alkalosis?
Aveolar hyper-ventilation
Metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis s/s?
> 20 RR
<12 RR
Bacteria pneumonia?
Productive cough “purulent”
Crackles
Viral pneumonia?
Dry cough
Crackles
Aspirational pneumonia?
Absent/ decreased breath sounds
What to wear with a T.B pt?
N95 duck billed mask
What type of disease is tuberculosis?
Airborne
Position for upper lobes postural drainage?
Seated and supine
Position for middle lobes postural drainage?
Head down hands on side
Position for lower lobes for postural drainage?
Head down, hands over head
What is initially performed with postural drainage?
Manual or mechanical percussion
When should you use diaphragmatic breathing?
Postoperative pts, post trauma pts with obstructive or restrictive pulmonary lung diseases
What is pursed lip breathing used for?
COPD
Reduce dyspnea
Reduce RR
What is the position for upper lobe apical segments, posterior segments and anterior segments?
Apical- seated leans back on pillow
Posterior- pt leans over pillow
Anterior- supine w pillow under knees
What is the position of middle/lingular lobes of right middle and left upper lobe?
Right middle- foot bed elevated, head down on L side rotates 1/4 backward, knees flexed
Left upper/ lingular- foot bed elevated , head down on R side rotated 1/4 backward, knees flexed
What is position for anterior basal segment of lower lobe?
Bed elevated 20”
Pt on side, head down, pillow under knees
What is superior segment of lower lobe postural drainage position?
Bed flat
Pt lies on abdomen w/ 2 pillows under hips
What is the lateral basal segment of lower lobes with postural drainage position?
Lateral- foot of bed elevated
Pt lies on abdomen, head down, rotates 1/4 turn upward, upper leg flexed on pillow
What is the postural drainage position for posterior basal segment?
Foot of bed elevated
Pt lies on abdomen
Head down w/ pillow under hips
What are restrictive disease?
Pulmonary edema
Hemothorax (blood)
Pneumothorax (air)
Pleural effusion ( fluid)
CVA/SCI
What are obstructive disease?
COPD
Asthma
Emphysema
Bronchiectasis
Atelectasis ( collapsed lung)
Resting inspiration muscle?
Diaphragm
Deep inspiration muscles?
Diaphragm, scalenes, pec major
Forced expiration muscles?
Abdominals
Quadratus lumborum
Forced inspiration muscles?
Traps
Pecs
Serrated
Levator scapula
Resting inspiration muscles?
Internal intercostals
