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Board Prep > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Stimuli to sole of foot or palm of hand

A

Flexor withdrawal

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2
Q

Stimulus to sole of foot

A

Crossed extension

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3
Q

Rapid neck extension

A

Moro

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4
Q

Child is supported under the arms and feet bounce on flat surface?

A

Positive support

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5
Q

Infant held upright w/ solid surface under feet?

A

Stepping/walking

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6
Q

Stroke is made on the paravertebral area from neck to lower back?

A

Gallant

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7
Q

Head turned to one side (prevents roll)?

A

Aysmmetrical tonic neck reflex
(ATNR)

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8
Q

Supine or prone position
prevents suffocation

A

Tonic labyrinthine reflex
TLR

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9
Q

Stroke or lateral plantar surface of foot
(Prevent 1 ambulation)

A

Babinski

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10
Q

Neck placed in flexion and extension

A

Symmetrical tonic reflex
STNR

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11
Q

What is the response for symmetrical tonic neck reflex?

A

When neck extends, arms extend and legs flex= quadruped
When neck flexes, arms flex and legs extend=cruise

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12
Q

What is the babinski reflex response?

A

Great toe extension and fanning of other toes

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13
Q

What is the tonic labyrinthine reflex response?

A

In supine, trunk and extremities extend

In prone, trunk and extremities flex

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14
Q

What is the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex response?

A

Arm and leg on the face side extend arm and leg on the skull side flex

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15
Q

What is the response to gallant reflex?

A

Lateral flexion of trunk toward side being stroked w/ hips and legs moving toward side of stimulus

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16
Q

What is the stepping/ walking reflex response?

A

Reciprocal stepping motion of legs

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17
Q

What is the positive support reflex response?

A

Extends legs for 20-30 sec to support self in standing followed by flexion of legs entering a sitting position

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18
Q

What is the Moro reflex response?

A

Arm abduct and extend followed by arms flexing in as if grasping for parent and crying

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19
Q

What is the response of crossed extension reflex?

A

Flexion and extension of contralateral leg

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20
Q

What is the response of flexor withdrawal reflex?

A

Flexion of knee or elbow to withdrawal from stimulus

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21
Q

What is the pediatric milestones?

A

Head control- 4 months
Roll- 6m
Sit/creep-8m
Cruising- 10m
Walking-12m

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22
Q

What is righting reaction?

A

Responsible for orienting head and body in space

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23
Q

Many disciplines work with the same child and collaborate w/ each other?

A

Interdisciplinary

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24
Q

What are physical therapy considerations with autism?

A

Use familiar objects and routines
Prepare the child for changes in routine
Follow behavior protocols
Speak clearly and keep instructions simple
Encourage eye contact
Structure environment
Use daily activities

25
Q

Rhett’s syndrome?

A

6-18 months
only in girls
Severe apraxia, lack of speech, hand flapping

26
Q

Milder form of autism w/ social isolation, eccentric behavior, differences of speech inflection and patterns?

A

Asperger’s disorder

27
Q

What should you avoid with DMD?

A

Strengthening exercises
Do not over work
No resistive exercises

28
Q

How does muscle weakness progress with DMD?

A

Proximal to distal

29
Q

What type of motor neuron is DMD?

A

UMN only

30
Q

What features are with Down syndrome?

A

Upward slant to eyes
Small ears and mouth protruding tongue
Short stature
Hypotonia
Decreased strength and joint hypermobility

31
Q

Meningocele vs myelomeningocele?

A

Meningocele- meninges protrude out
Bowel and bladder
Foot drop

Myelomeningocele- spine protrudes out
Shunt

32
Q

What disease is associated with latex allergy?

A

Spina bifida
Myelomeningocele

33
Q

Symptoms of Arnold- chiari malformation?

A

Dysphagia
Trouble breathing
Feeding difficulties
Choking

34
Q

What is 3 S/s with myelomeningocele?

A

Hydrocephalus
Arnold chiari malformation
Tethered cord

35
Q

What is the red flag of tethered cord?

A

Demonstrates a rapid decline in function or increase in development of new symptoms

36
Q

What screening test is used on peds? And what does it measure?

A

Apgar
Measures HR, respiratory effect
Muscle tone
Reflex
Color

37
Q

What score with apgar is normal?

A

7-10

38
Q

Gross motor movements at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 months?

A

4- head control
6-roll
8- sit/creep
10- cruise
12- walk

39
Q

What is the fine motor movements at 4, 6, 8, 10?

A

4- palmer grasp
6- exchange object from hand to hand
8- 3 jaw chuck
10- pincer grip

40
Q

What test is used for DDH ( developmental dysplasia)?

A

Barlows test
Ortolanis test

41
Q

What is the barlows test?

A

Hip click felt when manually moving hip from ABD to ADD

42
Q

What is ortolanis test?

A

Hip click felt with passive movement from ADD and flexed hip to ABD with traction

43
Q

What is the cause of DDH (developmental dysplasia)?

A

Exacerbated by swaddling and carrying infants w/ hips in extension and adduction

44
Q

Self limiting degeneration of the femoral head d/t disturbance in blood supply?

A

Legg calve perthes disease

45
Q

What to not do with osteogenesis imperfecta patients?

A

No passive stretching

46
Q

What is oligarticular or pauciarticular?

A

Arthritis in less than 5 joints, asymmetrical

47
Q

What is polyarticular?

A

Arthritis in 5 or more joints, symmetrical

48
Q

What is JRA ( juvenile rheumatoid arthritis)?

A

Occurs in children under 16 for 6 weeks or more

49
Q

What are pediatric fractures?

A

Buckle
Green stick
Bending
Spiral
Epiphyseal
All complete

50
Q

What is the classification of muscle tone with cerebral palsy?

A

Mixed - hypertonicty and athetosis is most common form mixed cp

51
Q

What is cerebral palsy?

A

A congenital disorder of movement, muscle tone, or posture. Due to abnormal brain development

52
Q

What is calcanovalgus?

A

Foot turned outwards

53
Q

How does a brachial plexus injury occur?

A

Usually by grabbing a kids arm when having a tantrum

54
Q

What is an alvulsion injury?

A

Nerve torn from spinal cord

55
Q

What is rupture injury?

A

Nerve sheath or nerve fiber are torn not @ spinal cord

56
Q

What is most common type of brachial plexus injury?

A

Neuropraxia- nerve is damaged but not torn

57
Q

What is nurse aids elbow?

A

Causes radial head to dislodge from annular ligament

58
Q

How is foot pointed with talipes equinovarus?

A

Adduction. Downward and inward
Plantarflexion
Inversion

Board Prep (15 decks)

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