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Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Stimuli to sole of foot or palm of hand

A

Flexor withdrawal

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2
Q

Stimulus to sole of foot

A

Crossed extension

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3
Q

Rapid neck extension

A

Moro

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4
Q

Child is supported under the arms and feet bounce on flat surface?

A

Positive support

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5
Q

Infant held upright w/ solid surface under feet?

A

Stepping/walking

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6
Q

Stroke is made on the paravertebral area from neck to lower back?

A

Gallant

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7
Q

Head turned to one side (prevents roll)?

A

Aysmmetrical tonic neck reflex
(ATNR)

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8
Q

Supine or prone position
prevents suffocation

A

Tonic labyrinthine reflex
TLR

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9
Q

Stroke or lateral plantar surface of foot
(Prevent 1 ambulation)

A

Babinski

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10
Q

Neck placed in flexion and extension

A

Symmetrical tonic reflex
STNR

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11
Q

What is the response for symmetrical tonic neck reflex?

A

When neck extends, arms extend and legs flex= quadruped
When neck flexes, arms flex and legs extend=cruise

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12
Q

What is the babinski reflex response?

A

Great toe extension and fanning of other toes

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13
Q

What is the tonic labyrinthine reflex response?

A

In supine, trunk and extremities extend

In prone, trunk and extremities flex

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14
Q

What is the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex response?

A

Arm and leg on the face side extend arm and leg on the skull side flex

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15
Q

What is the response to gallant reflex?

A

Lateral flexion of trunk toward side being stroked w/ hips and legs moving toward side of stimulus

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16
Q

What is the stepping/ walking reflex response?

A

Reciprocal stepping motion of legs

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17
Q

What is the positive support reflex response?

A

Extends legs for 20-30 sec to support self in standing followed by flexion of legs entering a sitting position

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18
Q

What is the Moro reflex response?

A

Arm abduct and extend followed by arms flexing in as if grasping for parent and crying

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19
Q

What is the response of crossed extension reflex?

A

Flexion and extension of contralateral leg

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20
Q

What is the response of flexor withdrawal reflex?

A

Flexion of knee or elbow to withdrawal from stimulus

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21
Q

What is the pediatric milestones?

A

Head control- 4 months
Roll- 6m
Sit/creep-8m
Cruising- 10m
Walking-12m

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22
Q

What is righting reaction?

A

Responsible for orienting head and body in space

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23
Q

Many disciplines work with the same child and collaborate w/ each other?

A

Interdisciplinary

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24
Q

What are physical therapy considerations with autism?

A

Use familiar objects and routines
Prepare the child for changes in routine
Follow behavior protocols
Speak clearly and keep instructions simple
Encourage eye contact
Structure environment
Use daily activities

25
Rhett’s syndrome?
6-18 months only in girls Severe apraxia, lack of speech, hand flapping
26
Milder form of autism w/ social isolation, eccentric behavior, differences of speech inflection and patterns?
Asperger’s disorder
27
What should you avoid with DMD?
Strengthening exercises Do not over work No resistive exercises
28
How does muscle weakness progress with DMD?
Proximal to distal
29
What type of motor neuron is DMD?
UMN only
30
What features are with Down syndrome?
Upward slant to eyes Small ears and mouth protruding tongue Short stature Hypotonia Decreased strength and joint hypermobility
31
Meningocele vs myelomeningocele?
Meningocele- meninges protrude out Bowel and bladder Foot drop Myelomeningocele- spine protrudes out Shunt
32
What disease is associated with latex allergy?
Spina bifida Myelomeningocele
33
Symptoms of Arnold- chiari malformation?
Dysphagia Trouble breathing Feeding difficulties Choking
34
What is 3 S/s with myelomeningocele?
Hydrocephalus Arnold chiari malformation Tethered cord
35
What is the red flag of tethered cord?
Demonstrates a rapid decline in function or increase in development of new symptoms
36
What screening test is used on peds? And what does it measure?
Apgar Measures HR, respiratory effect Muscle tone Reflex Color
37
What score with apgar is normal?
7-10
38
Gross motor movements at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 months?
4- head control 6-roll 8- sit/creep 10- cruise 12- walk
39
What is the fine motor movements at 4, 6, 8, 10?
4- palmer grasp 6- exchange object from hand to hand 8- 3 jaw chuck 10- pincer grip
40
What test is used for DDH ( developmental dysplasia)?
Barlows test Ortolanis test
41
What is the barlows test?
Hip click felt when manually moving hip from ABD to ADD
42
What is ortolanis test?
Hip click felt with passive movement from ADD and flexed hip to ABD with traction
43
What is the cause of DDH (developmental dysplasia)?
Exacerbated by swaddling and carrying infants w/ hips in extension and adduction
44
Self limiting degeneration of the femoral head d/t disturbance in blood supply?
Legg calve perthes disease
45
What to not do with osteogenesis imperfecta patients?
No passive stretching
46
What is oligarticular or pauciarticular?
Arthritis in less than 5 joints, asymmetrical
47
What is polyarticular?
Arthritis in 5 or more joints, symmetrical
48
What is JRA ( juvenile rheumatoid arthritis)?
Occurs in children under 16 for 6 weeks or more
49
What are pediatric fractures?
Buckle Green stick Bending Spiral Epiphyseal All complete
50
What is the classification of muscle tone with cerebral palsy?
Mixed - hypertonicty and athetosis is most common form mixed cp
51
What is cerebral palsy?
A congenital disorder of movement, muscle tone, or posture. Due to abnormal brain development
52
What is calcanovalgus?
Foot turned outwards
53
How does a brachial plexus injury occur?
Usually by grabbing a kids arm when having a tantrum
54
What is an alvulsion injury?
Nerve torn from spinal cord
55
What is rupture injury?
Nerve sheath or nerve fiber are torn not @ spinal cord
56
What is most common type of brachial plexus injury?
Neuropraxia- nerve is damaged but not torn
57
What is nurse aids elbow?
Causes radial head to dislodge from annular ligament
58
How is foot pointed with talipes equinovarus?
Adduction. Downward and inward Plantarflexion Inversion

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