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Board Prep > Musculo > Flashcards

Musculo Flashcards

1
Q

Maximum ABD and ER?
What joint and position?

A

Glenohumeral
Close-packed

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2
Q

What is loose packed position for glenohumeral?

A

40-50 degrees ABD
30 degrees horizontal ADD
O degree rotation

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3
Q

What is loose packed and close packed position for humeroulnar (elbow)?

A

Loose-
70 degree flexion
10 degree supination

Close-
Full extension and supination

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4
Q

30 degree flexion
30 degree ABD
Slight lateral rotation
What joint and position?

A

Hip
Loose packed

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5
Q

Neutral w/ slight ulnar deviation?
What joint and position?

A

Radio/ulnocarpal
Loose packed

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6
Q

What is grade 1 and 2 mobilization techniques used for?

A

Pain relief

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7
Q

What is grade 3 mobilization technique used for?

A

Stretching increasing ROM
Large amp/ slow oscillation

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8
Q

What is the contradications for joint mobilization?

A

Joint hypermobility
Joint effusion
Inflammation

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9
Q

What is the Maitland mobilization technique for grade 1,2,and 3?

A

1- small amp/quick oscillation
2- large amp/slow oscillation
3- large amp/slow oscillation

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10
Q

Full extension w/ radial deviation?
What joint and position?

A

Radio/ ulnocarpal
Close packed

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11
Q

Full extension, ABD, IR?
What joint and position?

A

Hip
Close pack

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12
Q

What is the loose and close pack for knee ( tibiofemoral)?

A

Loose- 25 degree flexion
Close- full extension, ER

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13
Q

Midway between extremes of ROM?
What joint and position?

A

Subtalar
Loose pack

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14
Q

What is close pack for subtalar?

A

Full inversion

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15
Q

What is loose and close pack for talocrural?

A

Loose- mid inversion/eversion
10 degree PF

Close- Full DF

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16
Q

Full knee extension with leg supported?
What joint and position?

A

Patella femoral
Loose pack

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17
Q

What is close pack for patella femoral?

A

Full flexion

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18
Q

What is #1 cause for T.J.A ( total joint arthoplasty)?

A

Osteo arthritis

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19
Q

What is D.J.D ( degenerative joint disease)?

A

Osteo arthritis ( OA)

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20
Q

What joint is heberdens nodes?

A

DIP joint

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21
Q

What joint is bouchards nodes?

A

PIP joint

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22
Q

What is boutonnière?

A

PIP in flex

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23
Q

What is swan neck?

A

PIP in ext

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24
Q

What arthritis is boutonnière and swan neck seen in?

A

RA

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25
Q

During what arthritis is heberdens nodes and bouchards nodes seen in?

A

Osteo arthritis ( OA)

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26
Q

What is treatment for RA?

A

No PT during flare up
High heat (parrafin) after inflam. Stage
S/s functional mobility

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27
Q

What is treatment for OA?

A

Functional mobility
Ex sit to stand, bed mobility

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28
Q

What med is used for OA?

A

NSAIDs
Steroids

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29
Q

What med is used for RA?

A

DMARDS
Med ending in UMAB

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30
Q

What is the plumb line?

A

Through earlobe
Through acromion process
Through lumbar bodies
Through greater trochanter
Just posterior to patella
Anterior to lateral malleolus

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31
Q

What is the most common sprain and the cause?

A

Ankle: anterior talofibular ligament
Cause: PF+ inversion

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32
Q

What is most common strain? UE and LE?

A

UE: Pec major and biceps
LE: quad and hamstring

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33
Q

Pain with contraction
Spasm
Returns to 100%

A

Strain
muscle

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34
Q

No pain w/ contraction
Spasm
Return to 80%

A

Ligament
Sprain

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35
Q

What is the result of 1,2,and 3 degree strain or sprain?

A

1- micro trauma
2- 50% + fibers torn
3-100% fibers torn(sx)

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36
Q

Tx for tendinosis?

A

Contrast bath
Remove chronic edema
Turn into tendinitis

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37
Q

What is cause of tendinitis?

A

Biomechanical fault ( muscle imbalance) + repetition of movement

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38
Q

Treatment for tendinitis?

A

Stop 3-5 weeks
Create muscle balance, endurance, and strength
Education- warm up and cool down

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39
Q

Which part of tendon in UE is tendinitis in?

A

Originating (proximal) tendon

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40
Q

What part of tendon of LE is tendinitis in?

A

Insertional (distal) tendon

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41
Q

What is the cause of bursitis?

A

Biomechanical fault + repetitive movement, trauma ( direct impact) extremely painful

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42
Q

What is treatment for bursitis?

A

Stretch tight muscle and strengthen antagonist
Stop activity 2-4 weeks
Remove inflammation

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43
Q

Uric acid changes
Knee and great toe of foot
Med: allopurinol
What patho?

A

Gout

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44
Q

What is psoriatic arthritis?
What meds is used?

A

Skin lesion w/ silvery scales
RA of hands
Med- DMARDs

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45
Q

Decalcification of bones as result of a vitamin D deficiency?

A

Osteomalacia

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46
Q

What med is used for osteomalacia?

A

Vitamin D ( to process calcium)

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47
Q

Inflammatory response within bone caused by infection? Cause by staphlyococcus aureus

A

Osteomyelitis

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48
Q

What is osetochondritis dissecans?

A

Separation of articular cartilage from underlying bone

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49
Q

Trigger point (knots)
Soft tissue/massage
Vaso Spray and stretch

A

Myofascial pain syndrome

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50
Q

Inflammation in muscle and irregular bone forming
-calcification within muscle belly
-direct trauma
What patho?

A

Myositis ossificans

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51
Q

What is non-structural scoliosis?

A

Lateral only

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52
Q

What is structural scoliosis?

A

Lateral bend + rotation of vertebrae

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53
Q

Name side by convexity for scoliosis.
If curve is left sided which side is convex and which is concave?

A

Convex on L
Concave is right

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54
Q

What is name for L and R side scoliosis?

A

Left- levoscoliosis
R- dextroscoliosis

55
Q

If curve is bent to Left is it weak or tight? Long or short?

A

Weak and long

56
Q

If curve is bent to L side is the opposite side long or short? Weak or tight?

A

Opposite side is short and tight

57
Q

What is the cause of TMD? (Temporal mandibular Dysfunction)

A

Forward flex head
Postural issues
Grinding teeth
Chewing on hard items
RA/OA
Trigger points

58
Q

What is initial treatment for TMJ?

A

Education and phonophoresis

59
Q

What is treatment for TMD?

A

Postural re education, education on soft foods
Joint mobs, night splints

60
Q

What is TMD?

A

Dysfunction of temporal mandibular joint

61
Q

What is torticollis?

A

Side bending toward affected SCM
Rotation away affected SCM

62
Q

What is treatment for torticollis?

A

Stretching involved SCM into opposite position
Strengthen opposite SCM
PNF technique

63
Q

What is SLAP lesion?

A

MVA
FOOSH falling forward
Labrum

64
Q

What is bankhart?

A

Overhead activity, FOOSH falling backward

65
Q

What is Hill Sachs?

A

Caused by impact against the glenoid rim
Shoulder dislocation

66
Q

What is a bankhart lesion injury?

A

Anterior inferior dislocation

67
Q

What is thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Neuropraxia
Pinch injury to the brachial plexus

68
Q

What is the locations for thoracic outlet syndrome? What are places the brachial plexus pinches?

A

Scalene triangle
Clavicle and 1st rib
Pec minor and the rib cage

69
Q

What is the s/s of thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Tingling
Numbness
Weakness
( whole arm)

70
Q

What is tx for thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Stretch what tight strengthen what is opposite to tight

71
Q

What patho is known as the piano key deformity?

A

Acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joint disorder

72
Q

What should you avoid with acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joint disorder?

A

Avoid shoulder elevation during acute phase of healing

73
Q

What is bicipital tendinitis?

A

Inflammation of long head of biceps

74
Q

Fall onto outstretch UE?

A

Proximal humeral fracture

75
Q

What is adhesive capsulitis? Biggest limitation?
What is it more associated with?

A

Restriction in shoulder
ER
Diabetes mellitus

76
Q

What tendon is associated with lateral and medial epicondylitis?

A

Lateral- extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)
Medial- flexor carpi radialis (FCR)

77
Q

What is another name for lateral and medial epicondylitis?

A

Lateral- tennis elbow
Medial- golfers elbow

78
Q

What causes lateral epicondylitis?

A

Repetitive wrist extension or strong grip w/ wrist extended

79
Q

What causes medial epicondylitis?

A

Sports such as baseball pitching, golf
String hand grip and excessive pronation of forearm

80
Q

What nerve is associated with cubital tunnel?

A

Ulnar

81
Q

What nerve is associated with/ carpal tunnel?

A

Median

82
Q

What causes median nerve entrapment?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis w/ repetitive activities

83
Q

What nerve is associated with radial tunnel?

A

Radial nerve

84
Q

What cause radial nerve entrapment?

A

Overhead activities and throwing
ABD pollicis longus

85
Q

What is S/s with DeQuervains Tenosynovitis?

A

Pain at snuffbox
Sweeping
Decreased grip and pinch strength

86
Q

What is DeQuervains Tenosynovitis?

A

Inflammation extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicus longus tendons

87
Q

What patho is repetitive microtrauma or swelling during pregnancy?

A

DeQuervains Tenosynovitis

88
Q

What muscles are associated with dorsal compartment 1?

A

Abductor pollicus longus (APL)
Extensor pollicus brevis ( EPB)

89
Q

What muscle is associated with dorsal compartment 3?

A

Extensor pollicus longus (EPL)

90
Q

What is names of popes blessing?

A

Dupuytrens contracture

91
Q

What is ape hand and what nerve?

A

Wasting of 1st digit
Median nerve

92
Q

What is mallet finger?

A

Avulsion of extensor tendon
Flexion in DIP

93
Q

Ulnar collateral ligament
Immobilized for 6 weeks
What patho?

A

Gamekeepers thumb

94
Q

What is boxers fracture? How long casted?

A

5th metacarpal
Casted for 2-4 weeks

95
Q

What is panners disease?

A

Osteochondrosis of humeral capitellum

96
Q

Iliotibial band (ITB)
Common w/ RA

A

Trochanteric bursitis

97
Q

What is obers test used for?

A

ITB tightness

98
Q

Impaired blood supply to femoral head before age 40
Leads to THA

A

Avascular necrosis
Osteonecrosis

99
Q

What ROM is decreased with avascular necrosis?

A

Hip rom decreased in flexion, IR, and ABD

100
Q

What is piriformis syndrome?

A

ER of hip excessive pronation of foot
Compression of sciatic nerve

101
Q

What position are the toes with femoral anteversion and retroversion?

A

Toe in- anteversion
Toe out- retroversion

102
Q

What is Q angle for male and female?

A

Male- 13 degrees
Female- 19 degrees

103
Q

How many degrees is coxa vara and Valga?

A

<120 degrees = coxa vara
>135 degrees= coxa valga

104
Q

What is Osgood Schlatter (jumpers knee)?

A

Traction inflammation or stress injury of tibial tubercle @ patellar tendon insertion

105
Q

What is pes Anerine bursitis?

A

Overuse or contusion
S.G.S
Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus

106
Q

Entrapment of posterior tibial nerve
Excessive pronation coxa valga
What patho?

A

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

107
Q

Coxa varus=
Coxa vagus=
= what at the knee?

A

Coxa varus=genu valgus
Coxa valgus= genu varus

108
Q

What happens if someone has an increase or decrease in Q angle?

A

Increase= knock knee
Decrease= bow legs

109
Q

What is flat foot? And what is another name?

A

Reduction in height of medial longitudinal arch
Pes planus

110
Q

What is hollow foot? And another name?

A

Pes cavus
Planterflexion
Claw toes non ambulatory

111
Q

What is equinus?

A

CP
Contracture of gastric& or soleus muscle
Trauma
PF foot

112
Q

What is the name for bunion? And what is it? What is normal degrees?

A

Hallux vagus
Excessive pronation, ligamentous laxity, heredity, weak muscles and footwear that is to tight
8-20- normal

113
Q

Atrophy that affects motor and sensory nerves
Initially lower leg and foot progresses to muscle of hands and forearm
What patho?

A

Charcot-Marie-tooth disease

114
Q

What is tight with plantar fasciitis and what is it?

A

Gastroc
Excessive pronation

115
Q

What is the primary sites with metastatic bone cancer?

A

Prostate, thyroid, breast, lung, kidney
P T Barnum Loves Kids

116
Q

Varus=
Valgus=
In forefoot and rearfoot deformities?

A

Varus=inversion
Valgus=eversion

117
Q

What is spondylolysis? What should you avoid with spondylolysis? What is tx?

A

Fx of facet joints
Hyperextension
Strengthen core

118
Q

What is spondylolisthesis? And what should you avoid? What is tx?

A

Anterior slip of inferior vertebra after fx facet joint
Hyperextension
Strengthen core

119
Q

What is spinal stenosis? What should you avoid? What is the tx?

A

Narrowing of the foramina of the vertebrae ( calcium buildup)
Prolonged position= pain
Functional activity

120
Q

What is the best position with spinal stenosis?

A

Flexed positions decrease pain
Extended positions increase pain numbness, tingling , tightness and cramping

121
Q

How does a disc bulge happen?

A

Posterior/lateral

122
Q

What is the tx for disc bulge/ nerve root?

A

McKenzie ext ex’s

123
Q

When does pain increase with disc bulge? And what helps pain?

A

W/ WB shooting, burning or stabbing
Semi Fowler= no pain

124
Q

What is DJD? What should you avoid? And tx?

A

Wear and tear
Avoid- repetitive bending
Functional ex’s

125
Q

What is ankylosing spondylitis? What is needed? TX?

A

Autoimmune creates flexion contracture of thoracic vertebrae “hunchback”
Postural extension needed
Ext bias ex- prone on elbows/hands

126
Q

What is facet joint dysfunction? What is tx?

A

Arthritic conditions within facet joint
Functional mobility and independence

127
Q

What condition with respective bending causes pain/ stiffness upon rising but eases in mornings (4-5 hours)?

A

DJD

128
Q

What condition is pain and stiffness upon rising but eases within hour and stationary positions increase symptoms?

A

Facet joint dysfunction

129
Q

What digits is contracted with diabetes in dupuytrens contracture?

A

3rd and 4th digits

130
Q

With dupuytrens contracture what digits is contracted non diabetic?

A

4th and 5th digits

131
Q

What should you do during the acute phase?

A

PRICE
Modalities
Pain free ROM
Education
HEP
No added pain

132
Q

What to do during the early subacute phase?

A

Submax. <5Ibs
ROM- 80-90%
Muscle endurance

133
Q

What to do during late subacute phase?

A

Max ex >5Ibs
Strengthening- 80-90%
Muscle balance ( L side vs R side, antagonist vs agonist)

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