Pulm Flashcards
Silicosis
- calcification of rim of hilar nodes (eggshell calcifications)
- birifringent silica particles surrounded by fibrous tissue on histology
- associated with inc. risk TB
- impairs macrophage arm of cell mediated immunity
Most common type of lung cancer?
Adenocarcinoma in women and non-smokers.
Pancoast Tumor
Non small cell lung cancer that arises near superior sulcus. Pts may have ipsilateral shoulder pain, upper limb parasthesias, and areflexic arm weakness (brachial plexus involvement.
May also have cervical sympathetic ganglia involvement (Horners Syndrome).
Horner’s Syndrome
Ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, and anhydrosis due to cervical sympathetic ganglia damage.
Leukotrienes activated in asthma?
LTC4, LTD4, LTE4
Cause vasoconstriction, vascular permeability, and bronchoconstriction
Non-caseating Granuloma
Think Sarcoid
Caseating Granuloma
Think TB
Pulmonary Hamartoma
- most common benign lung tumor
- unilateral peripherally located coin lesion
- composed of cartilage, fibrous, and adipose tissue
What are the components of the Ghon Complex?
- primary TB infection
- lower lobe lung lesion and ipsilateral hilar adenopathy
Curly B Lines
- lines present in lung field on X ray
- thickening of lymphatics
- often sign of HF or cancer
Pulmonary Circulation vs Bronchial Circulation
Pulmonary (blood to be oxygenated)
- larger percentage of cardiac output
- large volume, low pressure system
Bronchial (blood for lungs)
- greater # branches supplying visceral pleura
- larger # anastomoses with the intercostal arteries
- nutrient rich blood
Chronic Interstitial Pneumonitis
- dec. type 1 pneumocytes
- inc. type 2 pneumocytes
- inc. fibroblasts
