Pharm Flashcards
How do Thiazides prevent renal Ca stones?
- thiazide inhibit lumenal Na/Cl cotransporter (simporter)
- cell utilizes Na/Ca basal antiporter instead to bring in Na
- cell must then compensate by brining in extra Ca with lumenal transporter, thus lowering urine Ca
Loops _____ Ca.
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Thiazides _____ Ca.
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What to ACEi/ARBs do to the glomerular efferent arteriole?
- cause dilation
- this reduces risk of glomerular injury in DM pts by lowering pressure
ACEi drug ending
-pril
ARB drug ending
-sartan
Rifampin
- MOA: inhibition of bacterial DNA dependent RNA polymerase
- side effects: GI, rash, red/orange body fluids, cytopenias
Isoniazid
- MOA: inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis
- resistance: bacterial catalase-peroxidase required to activate
- side effects: neurotoxicity (give with vitamin B6), hepatotoxicity, drug-induced LSE
- side effects worse in slow acetylators
Pyrazinamide
- MOA: unclear
- Side effects: hepatotoxicity, hyperuricemia
Ethambutol
- MOA: inihibition of arabinosyl transferase (needed for cell wall cynthesis)
- side effects: optic toxicity
Streptomycin
- aminoglycoside
- inhibits protein synthesis at 30S ribosomal subunit
ACEi- side effects
- cough (inc. bradykinin)
- angioedema (tongue/lip swelling) (inc. bradykinin), rare, serious side effect
- bradykinin inc. vascular permability
Leukotrienes targeted with asthma treatment
LTC4, LTD4, LTE4
Acid/Base Changes with Aspirin Poisoning
- respiratory alkalosis (real alkalosis)
- anion gap metabolic acidosis
Winter’s Formula
pCO2 = (1.5 x HCO3) + 8 +/- 2
- use to find expected pCO2 value
- if pCO2 measured is lower, then it is a primary resp. alkalosis
- if pCO2 measured is higher, then it is a concurrent resp. acidosis
- if pCO2 is matches expected, it is compensated
Fibrin Specific Fibrinolytics
- tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
- reteplase
- tenecteplase
- act on fibrin attached to recently formed clot, no systemic activation
- use within 6 hours of acute MI
Tamoxifen
-selective estrogen receptor modulator
“Over the Counter”
-non prescription meds
Most common cause of overdose that leads to death in US?
-opioids
NSIAD Associated Chronic Renal Injury
- chronic interstitial nephritis
- patchy interstitial inflammation with fibrosis, necrotic tubules
Omeprazole/Lansoprazole
- inhibits the H+/K+ ATPase proton pump
- proton pump inhibitor
Fenofibrate
- fibrate- most effective tx for hypertriglyceridemia
- activates PPARa
- dec. VLDL synthesis
- dec. triglycerides
- inc. HDL
- side effects: muscle toxicity, gallstones
Warfarin + Protein C Deficiency
-protein C deficiency at start of warfarin my lead to hypercoagulable state with thrombotic occlusion of microvasculature and skin necrosis
Atropine
- muscarinic receptor blocker
- indiacted for tx of bradycardia
- dec. vagal influence at SA and AV nodes
- contraindicated in glaucoma