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Step 1 > Micro > Flashcards

Micro Flashcards

1
Q

Intracellular Bacteria

A
  • chlamydia
  • listeria
  • neisseria meningitidis
  • legionella
  • mycobacterium
  • nocardia
  • rickettsia
  • salonella typhi
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2
Q

Intracellular Fungi

A
  • cryptococcus neoformans
  • histoplasma capsulatum
  • pneumocystis jirovecii
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3
Q

Intracellular Protozoa

A
  • plasmodium

- toxoplasma gondii

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4
Q

Organisms with a Polysaccharide Capsule

A
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Haemophlus influenzae
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • humoral response necessary for these
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5
Q

Common Gut Bugs

A

E. Coli

Bacteroides fragilis

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6
Q

Most important factor in preventing influenza infection?

A

-hemagglutinin antibodies

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7
Q

Tropheryma whippelii

A

Cause of Whipple disease. Involves joints, CNS, and small intestine.
Gram positive.
Large intestinal foamy macrophages filled with rods and PAS positive, diastase resistant granules.

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8
Q

What virus causes an aversion to smoking?

A

-Hep A

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9
Q

What bacteria don’t have peptidoglycan cell wall?

A

Mycoplasma

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10
Q

Heterophile positive horse agglutination test is used for?

A

EBV dx. Another name for the test is monospot test. If negative, most likely CMV.

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11
Q

Staph scalded skin syndrome is caused by?

A

Exotoxin exfoliatin

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12
Q

Tabes dorsalis is…

A

Neurosyphilis

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13
Q

What kind of necrosis do you see with bacterial accesses?

A

liquefactive

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14
Q

What kind of mechanism allows for viral flu genetic shift?

A
  • reassortment

- happens in viruses with segments that infect the same host cell

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15
Q

What bug causes a gumma and when?

A
  • treponema pallidum in tertiary syphilis
  • primary syphilis has chancre
  • gummas are painless, granulomatous lesions that may ulcerate
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16
Q

Signs of Tertiary Syphilis

A
  • gummas
  • ascending aortic ulcers
  • aortic valve insufficiency
  • may progress to neurosyphilis (but this can occur at any stage)
17
Q

Is risk of sexual transmission higher with Hep B or Hep C?

A

-Hep B

18
Q

Which Hep virus causes long term risk for hepatocellular carcinoma even after immune response?

A

Hep B: this DNA virus (Hep C is RNA) gets incorporated into hepatocellular DNA

19
Q

Aflatoxins

A
  • High levels of dietary aflatoxin are associated with a G:C to T:A transversion of p53
  • Can be caused by Aspergillis in moist grain
  • Causes hepatocellular carcinoma
20
Q

What vitamin should you give to a patient with measles?

A

Vitamin A

21
Q

Lipopolysaccharide

A

Gram neg. sepsis is caused by release of LPS during division/lysis of bacterial cells. Lipid A is the toxic component of LPS and leads to shock response.

22
Q

Most common cause of retinitis in HIV pos pts?

A

CMV, tx with gancyclovir

23
Q

Treatment for Pinworms

A

Aldbendazole

24
Q

What type of cells does Shigella invade?

A

-M (microfold) cells within Peyer Patches

25
Q

Strongyloides Dx and Tx

A
  • visualize rhabditiform larvae in the stool (not eggs)
  • tx: ivermectin
  • enters feet -> lungs -> GI
26
Q

Human T Lymphocytic Virus

A

-associated with adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma

27
Q

What bug is responsible for osteomyelitis in sickle cell?

A

Salmonella

28
Q

Schistosomiasis

A
  • caused by Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, or S. japonicum
  • S. haematobium causes chronic cystitis and inc. risk bladder squamous cell carcinoma and calcifications of the bladder wall
29
Q

How do you kill C. diff?

A

-saturated steam (121 degrees) for 15 min

30
Q

What fungus causes black eschar on face of diabetics?

A

-mucormycosis

31
Q

What virulence factor aids E. coli in a UTI?

A

-adhesins (pili)

32
Q

Symptoms of Lyme Disease

A

Stage 1

  • spirochete
  • bulls eye rash

Stage 2

  • bilateral bells palsy
  • myocarditis, heart block

Stage 3

  • encephaolopathy
  • migratory polyarteritis
33
Q

ToRCHHS Infections

A 
Toxoplasmosis 
Rubella
CMV
HIV
Herpes (includes VZV)
Syphilis 
(Also parvovirus)
34
Q

Most Common Cause of Viral Meningitis

A

-enterovirus (coxsackie, echo, polio)

Step 1 (23 decks)

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