Micro Flashcards
Intracellular Bacteria
- chlamydia
- listeria
- neisseria meningitidis
- legionella
- mycobacterium
- nocardia
- rickettsia
- salonella typhi
Intracellular Fungi
- cryptococcus neoformans
- histoplasma capsulatum
- pneumocystis jirovecii
Intracellular Protozoa
- plasmodium
- toxoplasma gondii
Organisms with a Polysaccharide Capsule
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Haemophlus influenzae
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- humoral response necessary for these
Common Gut Bugs
E. Coli
Bacteroides fragilis
Most important factor in preventing influenza infection?
-hemagglutinin antibodies
Tropheryma whippelii
Cause of Whipple disease. Involves joints, CNS, and small intestine.
Gram positive.
Large intestinal foamy macrophages filled with rods and PAS positive, diastase resistant granules.
What virus causes an aversion to smoking?
-Hep A
What bacteria don’t have peptidoglycan cell wall?
Mycoplasma
Heterophile positive horse agglutination test is used for?
EBV dx. Another name for the test is monospot test. If negative, most likely CMV.
Staph scalded skin syndrome is caused by?
Exotoxin exfoliatin
Tabes dorsalis is…
Neurosyphilis
What kind of necrosis do you see with bacterial accesses?
liquefactive
What kind of mechanism allows for viral flu genetic shift?
- reassortment
- happens in viruses with segments that infect the same host cell
What bug causes a gumma and when?
- treponema pallidum in tertiary syphilis
- primary syphilis has chancre
- gummas are painless, granulomatous lesions that may ulcerate
Signs of Tertiary Syphilis
- gummas
- ascending aortic ulcers
- aortic valve insufficiency
- may progress to neurosyphilis (but this can occur at any stage)
Is risk of sexual transmission higher with Hep B or Hep C?
-Hep B
Which Hep virus causes long term risk for hepatocellular carcinoma even after immune response?
Hep B: this DNA virus (Hep C is RNA) gets incorporated into hepatocellular DNA
Aflatoxins
- High levels of dietary aflatoxin are associated with a G:C to T:A transversion of p53
- Can be caused by Aspergillis in moist grain
- Causes hepatocellular carcinoma
What vitamin should you give to a patient with measles?
Vitamin A
Lipopolysaccharide
Gram neg. sepsis is caused by release of LPS during division/lysis of bacterial cells. Lipid A is the toxic component of LPS and leads to shock response.
Most common cause of retinitis in HIV pos pts?
CMV, tx with gancyclovir
Treatment for Pinworms
Aldbendazole
What type of cells does Shigella invade?
-M (microfold) cells within Peyer Patches
Strongyloides Dx and Tx
- visualize rhabditiform larvae in the stool (not eggs)
- tx: ivermectin
- enters feet -> lungs -> GI
Human T Lymphocytic Virus
-associated with adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma
What bug is responsible for osteomyelitis in sickle cell?
Salmonella
Schistosomiasis
- caused by Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, or S. japonicum
- S. haematobium causes chronic cystitis and inc. risk bladder squamous cell carcinoma and calcifications of the bladder wall
How do you kill C. diff?
-saturated steam (121 degrees) for 15 min
What fungus causes black eschar on face of diabetics?
-mucormycosis
What virulence factor aids E. coli in a UTI?
-adhesins (pili)
Symptoms of Lyme Disease
Stage 1
- spirochete
- bulls eye rash
Stage 2
- bilateral bells palsy
- myocarditis, heart block
Stage 3
- encephaolopathy
- migratory polyarteritis
ToRCHHS Infections
Toxoplasmosis Rubella CMV HIV Herpes (includes VZV) Syphilis (Also parvovirus)
Most Common Cause of Viral Meningitis
-enterovirus (coxsackie, echo, polio)
