Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NE > Pterygopalatine Fossa and Nasal Cavity > Flashcards

Pterygopalatine Fossa and Nasal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What comprises the bony part of the nose?

A
  • nasal bones
  • frontal process of maxilla
  • nasal part of frontal bone and nasal spine
  • bony part of nasal septum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What comprises the cartilagenous part of the nose?

A
  • 2 lateral cartilages
  • 2 alar cartilages
  • septal cartilage (nasal septum)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What structures comprise the external nose?

A
  • glabella
  • nasal bone
  • frontal process of maxilla
  • lateral nasal cartilage
  • major alar cartilage
  • minor alar cartilage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • except for the vestible of the nose (considered external), the nasal cavity is lined with _____ _______
  • _____ _______ is firmly connected to periostium of bony parts of the nasal cavity and the perichondrium of the cartilagenous nasal components
  • the areas lined with nasal mucosa constitute the ________ _____ (inferior 2/3) and the _______ _____ (superior 1/3)
A
  • except for the vestible of the nose (considered external), the nasal cavity is lined with nasal mucosa
  • nasal mucosa is firmly connected to periostium of bony parts of the nasal cavity and the perichondrium of the cartilagenous nasal components
  • the areas lined with nasal mucosa constitute the respiratory area (inferior 2/3) and the olfactory area (superior 1/3)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the olfactory area has specialized nasal mucosa that contains the peripheral nerve endings from the ______ ____ (CN I) for special sense, ______

A

the olfactory area has specialized nasal mucosa that contains the peripheral nerve endings from the olfactory nerve (CN I) for special sense, olfaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the difference in location of the pharyngeal and palatine tonsils? How can these be visualized respectively?

A
  • pharyngeal tonsils are located near the opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx; when these tonsils become enlarged they may interfere with breathing and are called adenoids; they can be visualized by rhinoscopy
  • palatine tonsils are the ones that are located near the opening of the oral cavity into the pharynx; they can be visualized unaided when opening the oral cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the following boundaries of the nasal cavity:

  • roof:
  • floor:
  • medial wall:
  • lateral wall:
A
  • roof: frontal bone, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone
  • floor: palatine process of maxilla, horizontal plate of palatine bone
  • medial wall: nasal septum (perpendicular plate of ethmoiod, vomer, septal cartilage, nasal crests of maxillary and palatine bones)
  • lateral wall: superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the “gaps” associated with the nasal conchae and their associated sinuses?

A
  • sphenoethmoid recess (most superior): sphenoid sinus
  • superior meatus (middle, below sphenoethmoid): posterior ethmoid sinus
  • middle meatus (middle, below superior meatus): anterior and middle ethmoid sinus, frontal sinus, maxillary sinus
  • inferior meatus (most inferior): nasolacrimal duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which passages are associated with which openings?

A
  • sphenoethmoid recess: opening of sphenoid sinus
  • superior nasal meatus: openings of ethmoidal sinuses
  • middle nasal meatus: opening of frontal sinus (maxillary sinus also opens into middle meatus in posterior part of semilunar hiatus at the maxillary ostium (below ethmoid bulla)
  • inferior nasal meatus: opening of nasolacrimal duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the vasculature to the nasal cavity?

A
  • most of the blood supplied to lateral and medial walls is from branches of the ophthalmic A. > anterior and posterior ethmoid As.
  • maxillary A. > sphenopalatine and greater palatine As.
  • facial A. > superior labial A. and lateral nasal branches

(venous drainage to sphenopalatine, facial, and ophthalmic Vs.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the location and associated vasculature a/w the most common cause of epistaxis?

A

Kiesselbach area is where all five As. (anterior and posterior ethmoid As., sphenopalatine A., greater palatine A., superior labial A., and lateral nasal branches) come together in a capillary bed that can bleed profusely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • largest sinus
  • drains via maxillary ostium into middle meatus
  • arterial supply: superior alveolar branches of maxillary A. and greater palatine A.
  • innervation: superior alveolar nerve branches
A

maxillary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • ethmoid air cells located between orbits
  • anterior and middle ethmoidal cells drain into middle meatus
  • posterior ethmoidal cells drain into superior meatus
  • arterial supply: ethmoidal A. from opththalmic A.
  • innervation: nasociliary nerves (CN V1)
A

ethmoid sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • sinus that is unevenly divided by bony part of nasal septum
  • drains via sphenoethmoidal recess
  • arterial supply: posterior ethmoidal A. from ophthalmic A.
  • innervation: posterior ethmoidal nerve from nasociliary
A

sphenoid sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • sinus that is between outer and inner tables of frontal bone, posterior to superciliary arches
  • drains via frontonasal duct into semilunar hiatus of middle meatus
  • arterial supply: supraorbital A. and anterior ethmoidal A. (ophthalmic A.)
  • innervation: supraorbital nerves (CN V1)
A

frontal sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the pterygopalatine fossa located?

What are its borders?

What are its openings?

A
  • located inferior to the apex of the orbit
  • boarders
    • anterior: maxillary tuberosity
    • posterior: pterygoid process of sphenoid (lateral plate)
    • medial: perpendicular plate of palatine bone
    • lateral: opens into infratemporal fossa via pterygomaxillary fissure
    • roof: (incomplete) greater wing of sphenoid
    • floor: pyramidal process of palatine bone
  • openings
    • superior: opens into inferior orbital fissure
    • inferior: closed except for palatine foramen
17
Q

What are the openings of the pterygopalatine fossa?

A
  • fissures
    • inferior orbital fissure
    • pterygomaxillary fissure
  • foramina
    • spheno-palatine foramen
    • foramen rotundum (maxillary N., CN V2 runs inward)
  • canals
    • pharyngeal canal
    • pterygoid canal
    • pterygopalatine canal
18
Q

What neurovascular structures pass into pterygopalatine fossa?

A
  • orbit (inferior orbital fissure):
    • nerves: infraorbital, zygomatic, orbital branches (from CN V2)
    • vessels: infraorbital A. and Vs. and inferior ophthalmic V.
  • middle cranial fossa (foramen rotundum):
    • nerves: maxillary N. (CN V2)
  • base of skull (pterygoid canal)
    • nerves: N. of pterygoid canal (greater and deep petrosal Ns.)
    • vessels: A. of pterygoid canal and Vs.
  • palate
    • greater palatine canal
      • nerves: greater palatine N.
      • vessels: descending palate A. and greater palatine A.
    • lesser palatine canals
      • nerves: lesser palatine Ns.
      • vessels: lesser palatine As. (terminal branches of descending palatine A.)
  • nasal cavity (sphenopalatine foramen):
    • nerves: medial and lateral posterior superior and posterior inferior nasal branches (from nasopalatine N., CN V2)
    • vessels: sphenopalatine A. and Vs.
19
Q

Describe the pathway of the trigeminal N. (maxillary N., CN V2) from pterygopalatine fossa to lacrimal gland:

A
  • maxillary N. (V2) > pterygopalatine nerves and zygomatic N.
  • zygomatic N. > zygomaticofacial N. and zygomaticotemporal N.
  • zygomaticotemporal N. > communicating branch conveys parasympathetic fibers to lacrimal N. (CN V1)
20
Q

Describe the pathway of the parasympathetic fibers within the pterygopalatine fossa:

A
  • parasympathetic fibers to pterygopalatine ganglion are from facial N. (CN VII) via greater petrosal N.
  • greater petrosal N. joins deep petrosal N. to form the N. of the pterygoid canal
  • parasympathetic fibesr from greater petrosal N. synapse in pterygopalatine ganglion
21
Q

Describe the pathway of the sympathetic fibesr within the pterygopalatine fossa:

A
  • deep petrosal N. arises from the internal carotid plexus and conveys postsynaptic sympathetic fibers which join branches of the maxillary N. via the pterygopalatine ganglion (do not synapse there)
  • presynaptic sympathetic fibers are from the superior cervical ganglion
22
Q

What are the nervous structures within the pterygopalatine fossa?

A
  • infraorbital N.
  • zygomatic N.
  • orbital branches (V2)
  • maxillary N. (V2)
  • N. of pterygoid canal (greater and deep petrosal Ns.)
  • greater palatine N.
  • lesser palatine N.
  • medial and lateral superior and posterior inferior nasal branches from nasopalatine N. (V2)
23
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary A. through the pterygopalatine fossa?

A
  • descending palatine A. (9) >
    • greater palatine A. > hard palate
    • lesser palatine A. > soft palate, palatine tonsil, pharyngeal wall
  • posterosuperior alveolar A. (10) > maxillary molars, maxillary sinus, gingiva
  • infraorbital A. (11) > maxillary alveoli
  • A. of pterygoid canal (12)
  • sphenopalatine A. (13) >
    • lateral posterior nasal As. > lateral wall of nasal cavity, choanae
    • posterior septal branches > nasal septum

*all derived from maxillary A.*

24
Q

levator vali palatini M.

  • origin:
  • insertion:
  • action:
  • innervation:
A

levator vali palatini M.

  • origin: petrous part of temporal bone, inferior/cartilaginous part of auditory tubes
  • insertion: palatine aponeurosis
  • action: elevates soft palate (during swallowing)
  • innervation: pharyngeal plexus (CN X)
25
Q

tensor vali palatini M.

  • origin:
  • insertion:
  • action:
  • innervation:
A

tensor vali palatini M.

  • origin: scaphoid fossa of pterygoid process, spine of sphenoid bone, sembranous wall of auditory tube
  • insertion: palatine aponeurosis
  • action: tenses palatine aponeurosis, opens pharyngeal opening of auditory tube (during swallowing)
  • innervation: nerve to medial pterygoid (of mandibular N., CN V3)

NE (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions