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NE > Oral Cavity and Pharynges > Flashcards

Oral Cavity and Pharynges Flashcards

1
Q
  • dense CT and nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
  • surrounds neck of teeth and covers alveolar processes
A

gingivae

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2
Q
  • anterior roof of mouth, bony shelf covered by dense connective tissue and nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
  • forms anterior 2/3 of roof of mouth, separates oral cavity from nasal cavity
A

hard palate

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3
Q
  • form part of anterior walls of oral cavity, covered w/ keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
  • close oral cavity during chewing
A

lips

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4
Q
  • three pairs of large multicellular glands: parotid glands, sublingual glands, and submandibular glands
  • produce saliva
A

salivary glands

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5
Q
  • posterior roof of mouth formed from skeletal muscle and covered w/ nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, the uvula hangs from it
  • forms posterior 1/3 of roof of mouth, helps close off opening to nasopharynx when swallowing
A

soft palate

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6
Q
  • hard structures projecting from the maxillae and mandible: incisors, canines, premolars, and molars
  • mastication (chewing food)
A

teeth

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7
Q
  • composed primarily of skeletal muscle and covered by stratified squamous epithelium, surface covered by papillae
  • pushes food against palate to turn it into a bolus; detects taste (via taste buds)
A

tongue

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8
Q
  • aggregates of partially encapsulated lymphatic tissue
  • detect antigens in swallowed food and drink and initiate immune response if necessary
A

tonsils

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9
Q
  • space between cheek and gums
  • space where ingested materials are mixed w/ saliva and mechanically digested
A

vestibule

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10
Q
  • small, conical, muscular projection extending from the soft palate
  • assists soft palate in closing off entryway to nasopharynx when swallowing
A

uvula

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11
Q

Palate

  • anterior 2/3rds of the palate is hard and bony: ____ ______
  • posterior 1/3rd is soft and muscular: ____ ______ - composed primarily of skeletal muscle
  • extending inferiorly from the posterior part of the soft palate is the _____
  • when swallowing, the ____ ______ and the ______ elevate to close off the opening of the nasopharynx
  • _____ represent the opening between the oral cavity and the oropharynx
  • _____ are bounded by paired muscular folds: _________ ______ (anterior fold) and ____________ _____ (posterior fold)
  • _______ ______ are housed between the arches
A

Palate

  • anterior 2/3rds of the palate is hard and bony: hard palate
  • posterior 1/3rd is soft and muscular: soft palate - composed primarily of skeletal muscle
  • extending inferiorly from the posterior part of the soft palate is the uvula
  • when swallowing, the soft palate and the uvula elevate to close off the opening of the nasopharynx
  • fauces represent the opening between the oral cavity and the oropharynx
  • fauces are bounded by paired muscular folds: glossopalatine arch (anterior fold) and pharyngopalatine arch (posterior fold)
  • palatine tonsils are housed between the arches
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12
Q
  • composed of palatine, pharyngeal, and lingual tonsils
  • drains to deep cervical lymph nodes
A

Waldeyer’s lymphatic ring

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13
Q
  • an accessory digestive organ that is formed from skeletal muscle and covered with lightly keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
  • manipulates and mixes ingested materials during chewing
  • helps compress partially digested materials against palate to form bolus (globular mass of partially digested material)
  • performs important functions in swallowing
  • inferior surface attaches to floor of the oral cavity by thin vertical mucous membrane, lingual frenulum
  • numerous small projections (papillae) cover superior surface
  • posterior surface contains lingual tonsils
A

tongue

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14
Q

What is the neural control of saliva secretion?

A
  • parasympathetic axons in CN IX stimulate parotid salivary gland secretions
  • parasympathetic axons in CN VII stimulate submandibular and sublingual salivary gland secretions
  • sympathetic stimulation from cervical ganglia stimulates mucus secretion
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15
Q
  • largest salivary gland
  • located anterior and inferior to the ear, partially overlying masseter M.
  • produce 25-30% of saliva, conducted through the duct to the oral cavity
  • opens into the oral vestibule next to the second upper molar
A

parotid glands

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16
Q
  • inferior to the body of the mandible
  • produce most of the saliva (60-70%)
  • duct opens from each gland through papilla in the floor of the mouth on the lateral sides of the lingual frenulum
A

submandibular glands

17
Q
  • inferior to the tongue and internal to the oral cavity mucosa
  • each gland extends multiple tiny sublingual ducts that open onto the inferior surface of the oral cavity, posterior to the submandibular duct papilla
  • contribute only about 3-5% of total saliva
A

sublingual glands

18
Q
  • collectively known as dentition
  • ingestion and mastication, first part of mechanical digestion process
  • has an exposed crown, a constricted neck, and one or more roots that anchor it to the jaw
  • roots fit tightly into dental alveoli, which are sockets within alveolar processes of both maxillae and mandible
  • collectively, roots, dental alveoli, and peridontal L. that binds roots to alveolar processes form a gomphosis joint
A

teeth

19
Q

Describe the development of teeth:

A
  • two sets during lifetime
  • 20 decidous teeth: erupts between 6-30 months
  • decidous lost and replaced by 32 permanent teeth
  • permanent teeth go from anterior to posterior
  • last teeth to erupt are third molars, in late teens to early 20’s
  • jaw often lacks space, thus third molars may emerge partially, at an angle, or become impacted
20
Q

What are the pharyngeal muscles and their innervation?

A
  • superior constrictor M.
  • middle constrictor M.
  • inferior constrictor M.
  • palatopharyngeus M.
  • salpingopharyngeus M.
  • stylopharyngeus M.

*all innervated by pharyngeal plexus and pharyngeal branch of the vagus N., except stylopharyngeus which is by the glossopharyngeal N.*

21
Q

superior pharyngeal constrictor M.

  • origin:
  • insertion:
  • action:
  • innervation:
A

superior pharyngeal constrictor M.

  • origin: pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, posterior end of mylohyoid line of mandible
  • insertion: pharyngeal tubercle on basilar part of occipital bone
  • action: constriction of upper portion of pharynx durring swallowing
  • innervation: branches of pharyngeal plexus (CN X)
22
Q

middle pharyngeal constrictor M.

  • origin:
  • insertion:
  • action:
  • innervation:
A

middle pharyngeal constrictor M.

  • origin: stylohyoid L., greater and lesser horns of the hyoid bone
  • insertion: median pharyngeal raphe, blends w/ superior and inferior pharyngeal constrictors
  • action: constriction of the middle portion of the pharynx
  • innervation: branches of pharyngeal plexus (CN X)
23
Q

inferior pharyngeal constrictor M.

  • origin:
  • insertion:
  • action:
  • innervation:
A

inferior pharyngeal constrictor M.

  • origin: thropharyngeal part (oblique line of thyroid cartilage), cricopharyngeal part (cricoid cartilage)
  • insertion: thyropharyngeal part (median pharyngeal raphe), cricopharyngeal part (blends inferiorly w/ circular esophageal fibers)
  • action: constriction of lower portion of pharynx
  • innervation: both (branches of pharyngeal plexus, CN X), cricopharyngeal part (branches of external and/or recurrent laryngeal branches of vagus N., CN X)
24
Q

palatopharyngeal M.

  • origin:
  • insertion:
  • action:
  • innervation:
A

palatopharyngeal M.

  • origin: posterior border of hard palate, palatine aponeurosis
  • insertion: posterior border of thyroid cartilage, blends w/ contralateral palatopharyngeus muscle
  • action: elevates pharynx superiorly, anteriorly, and medially (shortening to swallow)
  • innervation: branches of pharyngeal plexus (CN X)
25
Q

salpingopharyngeus M.

  • origin:
  • insertion:
  • action:
  • innervation:
A

salpingopharyngeus M.

  • origin: inferior/cartilaginous part of auditory tube
  • insertion: blends w/ palatopharyngeus muscle
  • action: elevates pharynx, opens auditory tube during swallowing
  • innervation: branches of pharyngeal plexus (CN X)
26
Q

stylopharyngeus M.

  • origin:
  • insertion:
  • action:
  • innervation:
A

stylopharyngeus M.

  • origin: medial base of styloid process of temporal bone
  • insertion: blends w/ pharyngeal constrictors, lateral glossoepiglottic fold, posterior border of thyroid cartilage
  • action: elevates pharynx and larynx
  • innervation: glossopharyngeal N.
27
Q

a surgical procedure to remove the palatine tonsils; two small glands located in the back of your throat

A

tonsillectomy

28
Q
  • muscle innervated by CN V3, tenses soft palate and acts on pharyngotympanic tube for depressurizing middle ear
  • muscle innervated by CN X pharyngeal plexus, elevates tensed palate, acts on pharyngotympanic tube
  • paralysis of either/both of these muscles can lead to reflux of oral contents into nasal cavity and pharyngotympanic tube dysfunction
A

tensor and levator veli palatini muscles

29
Q

What is the innervation and vascularization to the tongue?

A
  • innervation: palatoglossus muscle (vagus nerve (CN X)), all other muscles (hypoglossal nerve (CN XII))
  • vascularization: lingual A. (branch of the carotid A.), dorsal lingual veins, deep lingual vein (drain into the internal jugular vein)
30
Q

What is the motor innervation of the pharynx?

A

all the muscles of the pharynx are innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X), except for the stylopharyngeus, which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

31
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the pharynx?

A
  • pharyngeal plexus provides sensory innervation to the oropharynx and laryngopharynx from CN IX and CN respectively
  • the nasopharynx above the pharyngotympanic tube and torus tubarius is innervated by CN V2
32
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the soft palate?

A

palatal mucosa receives its sensory innervation from the maxillary nerve through the pterygopalatine ganglia via the nasopalatine nerve, greater palatine nerve, lesser palatine nerve, and also from the IX nerve

33
Q

What are the 3 steps of swallowing?

A
  1. voluntary: bolus compressed against palate and pushed into oropharynx, mainly by movements of muscles of tongue and soft palate
  2. involuntary and rapid: soft palate elevated sealing off nasopharynx from oro and laryngopharynges; pharynx widens and shortens to receive bolus of food as suprahyoid muscles and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles contract, elevating pharynx
  3. involuntary: sequential contraction of all 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles forces bolus into esophagus

NE (36 decks)

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