pterygoid fosaa and nose

Question 1

what foramen can be found in the pterygopalatine fossa

Answer 1

sphenopalatine foramen

Question 2

which pterygoid process has the hamular notch

Answer 2

medial

Question 3

heads of the masseter

Answer 3

superficial and deep
superficial=oblique fibers
deep=vertical fibers

Question 4

what venous plexus is superficial to the mm of mastication

Answer 4

pterygoid plexus, just inferior to zygomatic arch

Question 5

functions of the nose

Answer 5

smell

respiration

Question 6

turbenants of the nose

Answer 6

the concha (sup, middle and inferior) 
will create turbulent airflow which allows air to reach olfactory receptors, warms the air, humidifies the air and cleans it

Question 7

how can a quick stop affect olfaction

Answer 7

could possibly shear off all of the olfactory nn within the cribiform plate
causes loss of olfaction

Question 8

cartilages of the nose

Answer 8

lateral process
accessory nasal cartilage 
septal nasal cartilage 
major alar cartilage 
fibro-areolar cartilage

Question 9

eutaschian tube

Answer 9

equilibbriates the pressure between the ear and the nose

Question 10

erectile tissue of the concha

Answer 10

these structures possess vessels allowing them to be erected which can reduce airflow

Question 11

kiesselbach area

why would a bleed here be hard to stop?

Answer 11

area in the nose rich with anastomosing aa
very commonly get nosebleeds here
hard to stop the bleed due to lack of soft tissue

Question 12

how to stop a nosebleed

Answer 12

palpate the nose beneath the nasal bone and apply pressure for 15 minutes
this stops blood and allows a clot to form

Question 13

sensory inn of the nose

Answer 13

CNV1 and CNV2
1 is superior and 2 inferior
1=ant/post ethmoidal nn
2= nasopalatine nn and branches from the pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 14

septal hematoma

Answer 14

will dissect the perichondrium from the cartilage of the septum
results in a loss of nutrient supply
if not treated can lead to necrosis of the cartilage= alteration to facial structure

Question 15

deviated septum

Answer 15

results in less efficient air flow

not a result of a hematoma

Question 16

teeth root in sinus?

Answer 16

possible in the maxillary sinus

also offer a route for infections

Question 17

infected sinuses

Answer 17

will often be full of infectious material such as pus

often have a thickening of the wall as a result

Question 18

fistula

Answer 18

connections between two cavities that is not mean to exisit
could happen with tooth extraction if root located in maxillary sinus
can lead in to infection of the sinus

Question 19

how to correct fistula

Answer 19

retract tissue over the hole= buccal flap incision/palatal flap incision
often have to remove bone to allow flap to cover the hole properly

Question 20

semilunar hiatus drains what?

Answer 20

maxillary
frontal
anterior ethmoidal sinuses

Question 21

where does the posterior ethmoid and Sphenoid sinus drain to?

Answer 21

spheno-ethmoid recess