eye and orbit Flashcards

1
Q

nn of the orbit

A

CN: 2,3,4,5,6

know foramen

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2
Q

cn II inn what at eye

A

special sensory of retina

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3
Q

cn 3 inn what at eye

A

sup, med, inf rectus, inf oblique and levator palpbrae superioris
motor inn

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4
Q

cn 4 inn what at eye

A

motor to sup oblique

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5
Q

cn 5 at eye

A

cutaneous sensory (v1 and v2)

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6
Q

cn6 at eye

A

lat rectus motor inn

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7
Q

basic mechanism of eye function

A

photons to the retina=photoreceptors
carried by optic nn to optic chiasm where crossover of lateral field occurs
R to L side of brain and vice versa
some visual info goes to other parts of the brain for processing and is used for head and eye movement coordination

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8
Q

label

A
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9
Q

label

A
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10
Q

lesion at optic chiasm

A

loss of lateral fields of view

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11
Q

label

A
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12
Q

white part of the eye

A

sclera

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13
Q

meningial coverings, CSF blockage?

A

meningial layers extend onto the optic nn until it reaches the eye
CSF blockage could impact the optic disc

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14
Q

choroid of the eye

A

vascular layer, supplies eye with nutrients

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15
Q

ciliary body

A

will pull on or relax the lens

contracts for near vision allowing lens to be compressed for focusing, zonular fiber are relaxed during this

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16
Q

iris

A

colored portions with two mm layers
outer longitudinal and inner circular
will constrict inner circular to constrict pupil(para from CN 3)
will constrict outer long to dialate (sym)

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17
Q

label

A
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18
Q

label

19
Q

macula

A

region with the highest density of photoreceptors

usually avascular but surrounded by lots of vessels

20
Q

levator palpbrae superioris action

A

elevates superior eyelid

21
Q

superior oblique action

A

abducts
depresses
medial rotation

22
Q

inferior oblique action

A

abduct
elevates
lat rotation

23
Q

superior rectus action

A

elevates
adducts
medial rotation

24
Q

inferior rectus action

A

depresses
adducts
lateral rotation

25
medial rectus action
adduction
26
lateral rectus action
abduction
27
sup oblique action explained
will rotate eye medially, down and abduct due to the trochlaer attatchment
28
ciliary ganglion contents and function
contains para/sym fibers parasympathetics from CN III and sympathetics from the superior cervical ganglion psotgang sympathetics but contains the synapse between pre and post gang para will give branches that can hitch rides on CN V branches to go to the mm of the lens and pupil allows for accomodated vision (change in lens size) and pupil size adjustment
29
pterygopalatine ganglion
pregang para from CN 7 (greater petrosal nn), postgang sym from the superior cervical ganglion will provide branches to the nasal and lacrimal glands
30
submandibular ganglion
recieves parasym fiber (pregang) from CN7 (chroda tympani) post gang sym from the superior cervical ganglion control of salivary glands
31
otic ganglion
receives parasym from CN IX (pregang) sym from sup cervical ganglion (postgang) will provide ANS inn to the parotid gland
32
sympathetics of head/neck | can hitch rides on?
provided from the thoracolumbar distribution of sympathetic synapses of pregang and postgang at the superior cervical gang will then project postgang fibers to the ganglia of head/neck, hitch ride along the carotid Aa to reach this area can then hitch rides on the branches of CN to reach targets
33
manifestations of loss of sympathetics to the head/neck
tosis=droppy eye lids miosis=small pupil anhidrosis=inability to sweat normally
34
Aa supply of the eye
``` int carotid will provide the opthalamic Aa this then branches to supply the eye lacrimal aa ant/post ethmoidal aa supratrochlear supraorbital ant/post ciliary (short/long) central Aa of retina dorsal nasal Aa zygomatic facial and temporal Aa ```
35
vitreous humor flow
from region of the greater arterial circle of iris to the scleral venous sinus
36
vv drainage of eye
sup/inf opthalamic vv drain to cavernous sinus, as well as supraorbital vv infraorbital and angular drain to the pterygoid plexus
37
blowout fracture of the eye
possible with direct blow to break boen inferior to the orbit=herniation of adipose tissue but also mm eye may not move properly
38
retinal detatchment
retina detatches from the choroid layer | can lead to blindness with cell death if not fixed
39
retinal detatchment
retina detatches from the choroid layer | can lead to blindness with cell death if not fixed
40
cataracts
clouded lens, fixed with artifical lens
41
glaucoma, kinds
obstruction to vitreous humor flow>usually out of the scleral venous plexus can be open/closed angle open: the trabecular mesh is blocked=increase in P which decreases blood flow to the eye and causes subsequent cell death closed: increased P due to iris closure over trabecular meshwork=cannot drain, same result as open
42
hyphema
bleeding in the eye from trauma
43
CN 3 paralysis presentation
mm it inn will be out does not inn the lat rectus or sup oblique, these are active and cause abduction, depression and medial rotation also dialted pupil as there are no parasym to the ciliary gang from cn3