craniofacial development Flashcards
prominences derived from arch 1
lateral nasal
medial nasal
maxillary
mandibular
frontonasal prominence forms?
forehead
bridge of nose
medial/lateral nasal prominences
maxillary prominence forms?
cheeks
lateral portion of upper lip
medial nasal prominence forms?
philtrum
crest and tip of nose
lateral nasal prominence forms?
ala of nose
mandibular prominence forms?
lower lip
trigeminal nerve distribution with development
follows derivatives of the first arch
embryo exposure to toxins/tetrgogens in development
in early stages can lead to severe deformaties/ death
later on can simply cause mild deformaties
neural crest cells migrating to first and second arches
Neural-crest derived mesenchyme from the first and second arches migrates into the developing face
Will give rise to bone & cartilage
Muscles from mesoderm
Associated with specific nerve & arteries
Normal Facial Development time frames
Week 4
Frontonasal region
First pharyngeal arch
5-12 Weeks
Palatogenesis-palate formation
Week 5
Cheilogenesis-nose formation
Week 8-9
Separation of the oral and nasal cavities
processes of the developing face, arch?
The developing face is represented by the frontonasal region, and the
maxillary/mandibular prominences all derived from the first pharyngeal (branchial) first pharyngeal (branchial) arch.
Frontonasal prominence
Tissue surrounding the forebrain.
Neural-crest derived mesenchyme from arch 1.
max and man prominence from what arch
arch 1
dorsal to the first arch elevation?
elevation formed by the underlying trigeminal ganglion, the sensory ganglion for the nerve that supplies tissues derived from the first arch.
nasal placodes
formed week 5 from the medial and lateral nasal prominences
req for normal upper lip dev?
Union of the nasomedial prominence with the nasolateral prominence and maxillary prominence is required for normal development of the upper lip.
intermaxillary segment
btwn max prominences, gives rise to the philtrum
nasolacrimal and parotid duct development
NL: develops where the max and NL prom meet
Parotid: develops btwn the max and man prom
palatogenesis
weeks 5-12
union of NM prom to form the primary palate
union of maxillary palatal shelves to the form the secondary palate
both primary and secondary join to for the palate
what structure is found where all three palatal processes join, content?
incisive foramen
nasopalatine nn
what must move for palatal fusion
nasal septum-up
tongue- down
bifid uvula
also possible from a lack of fusion at the palatal shelves, often not an issue but can indicate submucosal cleft in some cases
fusion of the palate seperates?
oral and nasal cavities
oro-facial clefts, types
Separation or opening in a structure of the face
Cleft lip (gingiva, alveolus of the maxilla)
Cleft palate (hard, soft)
Isolated (CL or CP) or combined (CL/P)
Unilateral or bilateral
Atypical clefts (median, transverse, oblique)
cleft lip types
cleft palate, issues with/treatment?
Palate only affected – primary or secondary/incomplete or primary+secondary=complete cleft Feeding problems Surgical intervention at 9- 18 months Speech pathologist
Submucous Cleft Palate
Only the uvula (soft palate) is affected
Can result in muscular abnormalities
Repair if speech is affected
Complete Cleft Palate
A complete cleft palate involves a cleft of the palate
and the alveolus.
Open communication between oral & nasal cavities.
Bone grafts are required
Orthodontic treatment is required
Complete Cleft Palate, Bilateral
A complete bilateral cleft palate leaves the premaxilla unattached, allowing it to grow forwards.
Premaxilla and carries the upper four central teeth.
A double bone graft at the time the permanent teeth are erupting is required for this type of cleft.
what additional structure that we know can be affected by clefts?
ET
facial cleft are often associated with what syndromes
Cleft lip and palate are frequent components of syndromic disorders (chromosomal abnormalities)
Pierre Robin Sequence with cleft
pushed back tongue may obstruct the palatal shelves from fusing leading to a cleft palate
