craniofacial development Flashcards

1
Q

prominences derived from arch 1

A

lateral nasal
medial nasal
maxillary
mandibular

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2
Q

frontonasal prominence forms?

A

forehead
bridge of nose
medial/lateral nasal prominences

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3
Q

maxillary prominence forms?

A

cheeks

lateral portion of upper lip

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4
Q

medial nasal prominence forms?

A

philtrum

crest and tip of nose

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5
Q

lateral nasal prominence forms?

A

ala of nose

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6
Q

mandibular prominence forms?

A

lower lip

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7
Q

trigeminal nerve distribution with development

A

follows derivatives of the first arch

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8
Q

embryo exposure to toxins/tetrgogens in development

A

in early stages can lead to severe deformaties/ death

later on can simply cause mild deformaties

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9
Q

neural crest cells migrating to first and second arches

A

 Neural-crest derived mesenchyme from the first and second arches migrates into the developing face
 Will give rise to bone & cartilage
 Muscles from mesoderm
 Associated with specific nerve & arteries

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10
Q

Normal Facial Development time frames

A

 Week 4
Frontonasal region
First pharyngeal arch

 5-12 Weeks
Palatogenesis-palate formation

Week 5
Cheilogenesis-nose formation

 Week 8-9
Separation of the oral and nasal cavities

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11
Q

processes of the developing face, arch?

A

The developing face is represented by the frontonasal region, and the
maxillary/mandibular prominences all derived from the first pharyngeal (branchial) first pharyngeal (branchial) arch.

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12
Q

Frontonasal prominence

A

Tissue surrounding the forebrain.

Neural-crest derived mesenchyme from arch 1.

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13
Q

max and man prominence from what arch

A

arch 1

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14
Q

dorsal to the first arch elevation?

A
elevation formed by 
the underlying trigeminal 
ganglion, the sensory 
ganglion for the nerve 
that supplies tissues 
derived from the first 
arch.
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15
Q

nasal placodes

A

formed week 5 from the medial and lateral nasal prominences

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16
Q

req for normal upper lip dev?

A

Union of the nasomedial prominence with the nasolateral prominence and maxillary prominence is required for normal development of the upper lip.

17
Q

intermaxillary segment

A

btwn max prominences, gives rise to the philtrum

18
Q

nasolacrimal and parotid duct development

A

NL: develops where the max and NL prom meet
Parotid: develops btwn the max and man prom

19
Q

palatogenesis

A

weeks 5-12
union of NM prom to form the primary palate
union of maxillary palatal shelves to the form the secondary palate
both primary and secondary join to for the palate

20
Q

what structure is found where all three palatal processes join, content?

A

incisive foramen

nasopalatine nn

21
Q

what must move for palatal fusion

A

nasal septum-up

tongue- down

22
Q

bifid uvula

A

also possible from a lack of fusion at the palatal shelves, often not an issue but can indicate submucosal cleft in some cases

23
Q

fusion of the palate seperates?

A

oral and nasal cavities

24
Q

oro-facial clefts, types

A

 Separation or opening in a structure of the face
 Cleft lip (gingiva, alveolus of the maxilla)
 Cleft palate (hard, soft)
 Isolated (CL or CP) or combined (CL/P)
 Unilateral or bilateral
 Atypical clefts (median, transverse, oblique)

25
cleft lip types
26
cleft palate, issues with/treatment?
``` Palate only affected – primary or secondary/incomplete or primary+secondary=complete cleft  Feeding problems  Surgical intervention at 9- 18 months  Speech pathologist ```
27
Submucous Cleft Palate
 Only the uvula (soft palate) is affected  Can result in muscular abnormalities  Repair if speech is affected
28
Complete Cleft Palate
 A complete cleft palate involves a cleft of the palate and the alveolus.  Open communication between oral & nasal cavities.  Bone grafts are required  Orthodontic treatment is required
29
Complete Cleft Palate, Bilateral
 A complete bilateral cleft palate leaves the premaxilla unattached, allowing it to grow forwards.  Premaxilla and carries the upper four central teeth.  A double bone graft at the time the permanent teeth are erupting is required for this type of cleft.
30
what additional structure that we know can be affected by clefts?
ET
31
facial cleft are often associated with what syndromes
``` Cleft lip and palate are frequent components of syndromic disorders (chromosomal abnormalities) ```
32
Pierre Robin Sequence with cleft
pushed back tongue may obstruct the palatal shelves from fusing leading to a cleft palate