Pteridophytes

Question 1

what is pteridophytes?

Answer 1

seedless vascular plants (fern)

Question 2

characteristic of MOST pteridophytes?

Answer 2

have true roots with lignified vascular tissue

Question 3

characteristics of lycophytes?

Answer 3

have small leaves with only a single unbranched vein

Question 4

charateristics of sporophytes?

Answer 4

produce spores -homosporous and heterosporous plants

Question 5

what is sporophytes of a HOMOSPOROUS PLANTS?

Answer 5

• plants produce a SINGLE type of spore

- each spore have BOTH female and male sex organs

Question 6

what is sporophytes of a HETEROSPOROUS PLANTS?

Answer 6

plants produces 2 kind of spores

Question 7

what is 2 kind of spores develop by heterosporous plants?

Answer 7

• megaspores (develop into female gametophyte)

- microspores (develop into male gametophytes)

Question 8

what female and male gametophytes called?

Answer 8

female gametophytes : archegonia

male gametophytes : antheridia

Question 9

do sperm cells of ferns need to swim to reach eggs?

Answer 9

YES. sperm cells of ferns are flagellated and must swim through film water to reach eggs

Question 10

what kind of reproduction do fern have?

Answer 10

vegetative reproduction (branch from main stem break away and give rise to separate plants)

Question 11

what covered the frond (leaves) bases in order to protect them from drought?

Answer 11

bases of fronds covered with dry brown scales called RAMENTA

Question 12

Spores are produced in structures called…..

Answer 12

sporangia (develop into cluster called sori on undersides of pinnules)

Question 13

each sorus has protective covering called…….

Answer 13

indusium

Question 14

LIFE CYCLE OF FERNS (skip)

Answer 14

READY? LESGOO

Question 15

1) Inside each sporangium ______ divide by meiosis to produce haploid spores.

Answer 15

diploid spore mother cells

Question 16

2) When mature, the ____ shrivels and drops off,

and the exposed sporangium walls begin to dry out.

Answer 16

indusium

Question 17

3) Eventually the wall ruptures and _____ are

catapulted from the sporangium

Answer 17

spores

Question 18

4) The spores germinate to form the _________

generation

Answer 18

gametophyte

Question 19

5) The gametophyte (prothallus) produces simple
antheridia and archegonia on its lower surface. These
sex organs protect the gametes within them.

6. Gametes are produced by __(a)___ of gamete mother
   cells, the antheridia producing __(b)__ and each __(c)__ produce an ovum. Each sperm has flagella.

Answer 19

a) mitosis
b) sperm
c) archegonium

Question 20

7. When ripe, and conditions are wet, each antheridium releases its sperm, which ____ through a film of water towards the archegonia.

Answer 20

swim

Question 21

8. The product of fertilisation is a diploid zygote. Fertilisation is still dependent on __(a)___.
9. The zygote grows into the __(b)__ generation.

Answer 21

a) water

b) sporophytes

Question 22

10. The young embryo absorbs nutrients from the __(a)__ until its own __(b)__ and leaves can take over the role of nutrition.
11. The gametophyte soon __(c)__

Answer 22

a) gametophytes
b) roots
c) withers and dies

Question 23

ADAPTATION OF PTERIDOPHYTES : VASCULAR TISSUE (skip)

Answer 23

READY? KAJAAA

Question 24

1. concerned with translocation (transport water and nutrients)
2. __(a)__ carries water and mineral salts while __(b)__ carries organic solutes in solution

Answer 24

a) xylem

b) phloem

Question 25

3. compared with bryophytes and algae, it has major __(a)___ advance
4. found only in the __(b)__ generation

Answer 25

a) evolutionary

b) sporophytes

Question 26

2 important properties of vascular tissue :

• it forms ___(a)____ system
• bodies can be supported bcs xylem contain ___(b)____

Answer 26

a) transport

b) lignified cells (such as sclerenchyma)

Question 27

SUMMARY :

1. ferns have dominant sporophyte generation
2. the most important adaptation in ferns is specialized vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) for support and conduction

Answer 27

YEAYYY HABIS :)))