Pteridophytes Flashcards
mari 4flat rakan rakan
what is pteridophytes?
seedless vascular plants (fern)
characteristic of MOST pteridophytes?
have true roots with lignified vascular tissue
characteristics of lycophytes?
have small leaves with only a single unbranched vein
charateristics of sporophytes?
produce spores -homosporous and heterosporous plants
what is sporophytes of a HOMOSPOROUS PLANTS?
- plants produce a SINGLE type of spore
- each spore have BOTH female and male sex organs
what is sporophytes of a HETEROSPOROUS PLANTS?
plants produces 2 kind of spores
what is 2 kind of spores develop by heterosporous plants?
- megaspores (develop into female gametophyte)
- microspores (develop into male gametophytes)
what female and male gametophytes called?
female gametophytes : archegonia
male gametophytes : antheridia
do sperm cells of ferns need to swim to reach eggs?
YES. sperm cells of ferns are flagellated and must swim through film water to reach eggs
what kind of reproduction do fern have?
vegetative reproduction (branch from main stem break away and give rise to separate plants)
what covered the frond (leaves) bases in order to protect them from drought?
bases of fronds covered with dry brown scales called RAMENTA
Spores are produced in structures called…..
sporangia (develop into cluster called sori on undersides of pinnules)
each sorus has protective covering called…….
indusium
LIFE CYCLE OF FERNS (skip)
READY? LESGOO
1) Inside each sporangium ______ divide by meiosis to produce haploid spores.
diploid spore mother cells
2) When mature, the ____ shrivels and drops off,
and the exposed sporangium walls begin to dry out.
indusium
3) Eventually the wall ruptures and _____ are
catapulted from the sporangium
spores
4) The spores germinate to form the _________
generation
gametophyte
5) The gametophyte (prothallus) produces simple
antheridia and archegonia on its lower surface. These
sex organs protect the gametes within them.
- Gametes are produced by __(a)___ of gamete mother
cells, the antheridia producing __(b)__ and each __(c)__ produce an ovum. Each sperm has flagella.
a) mitosis
b) sperm
c) archegonium
- When ripe, and conditions are wet, each antheridium releases its sperm, which ____ through a film of water towards the archegonia.
swim
- The product of fertilisation is a diploid zygote. Fertilisation is still dependent on __(a)___.
- The zygote grows into the __(b)__ generation.
a) water
b) sporophytes
- The young embryo absorbs nutrients from the __(a)__ until its own __(b)__ and leaves can take over the role of nutrition.
- The gametophyte soon __(c)__
a) gametophytes
b) roots
c) withers and dies
ADAPTATION OF PTERIDOPHYTES : VASCULAR TISSUE (skip)
READY? KAJAAA
- concerned with translocation (transport water and nutrients)
- __(a)__ carries water and mineral salts while __(b)__ carries organic solutes in solution
a) xylem
b) phloem
- compared with bryophytes and algae, it has major __(a)___ advance
- found only in the __(b)__ generation
a) evolutionary
b) sporophytes
2 important properties of vascular tissue :
- it forms ___(a)____ system
- bodies can be supported bcs xylem contain ___(b)____
a) transport
b) lignified cells (such as sclerenchyma)
SUMMARY :
- ferns have dominant sporophyte generation
- the most important adaptation in ferns is specialized vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) for support and conduction
YEAYYY HABIS :)))
