Gymnosperms & Angiosperms

Question 1

what are the characteristics of gymnosperms?

Answer 1

1) produce naked seeds (not enclosed in ovary)
2) no fruit (no ovary)
3) needle-like leaves
4) ovules located on the surfaces of ovuliferous scales
5) produce cones with reproductive structures

Question 2

where do gymnosperms commonly found?

Answer 2

at higher altitudes (colder regions) and further north

Question 3

do gymnosperms have an embryo?

Answer 3

yes.
the ovules becomes the seed encasing the embryo and endosperm in a seed coat, nut does not develop into a fruit after fertilisation.

Question 4

common characteristics of conifers.

Answer 4

1) cone-bearing plants
2) naked seed, found in ovary
3) needle-like leaves + thick waxy cuticle
4) no xylem vessels, companion cells, sieve tubes

Question 5

economic importance of conifers.

Answer 5

1) can be commercialized as softwoods
2) firs & spurs provide Christmas tree
3) pine nuts as cooking ingredient
4) produce resin, may protect plants from attack of fungi/insects

Question 6

common characteristics of pine.

Answer 6

1) sporophyte producing sporangia in cones
2) gametophyte develops from spore(n), stays permanent in sporangium
3) heterosporous;
female gametophyte&raquo_space; megaspore
male gametophyte&raquo_space; microspore
4) simple needle-like leaves

Question 7

where does meiosis takes place for Pinus?

Answer 7

inside pollen sacs.

meiosis forms haploid pollen grains (microspores)that contain male gametes.

Question 8

describe male and female cones of Pinus

Answer 8

consist of spirally arranged, closely packed chlorophylls around central axis

Question 9

where do seeds form in gymnosperms?

Answer 9

cones

Question 10

what is the dominant life cycle of gymnosperms?

Answer 10

sporophyte generation/phase (2n)

Question 11

describes angiosperms.

Answer 11

1) flowering plants

2) seed protected by the fruits (enclosed seed)

Question 12

what are the characteristics of angiosperms?

selain dari yang dah state dekat soalan describe

Answer 12

1) ovary develops into fruits

2) complex vascular tissues (complete xylem and phloem structures)

Question 13

what is the dominant phase in angiosperms?

Answer 13

alternation of generation is not clear.

tapi takpe kita consider je sporophyte okay.

Question 14

state the classes of angiosperms.

Answer 14

a) dicot ( 2 seed leaves)

b) monocot ( 1 seed leaf)

Question 15

examples of dicot plants.

Answer 15

1) sunflower (Helianthus)

2) flame of the forest (Delonix regia)

Question 16

examples of monocot plants.

Answer 16

1) maize (Zea mays)

2) grass (Puccinia graminis)

Question 17

how does reproduction in angiosperms begin?

Answer 17

begins when pollen falls onto the top of a flower’s stigma

Question 18

when do mitosis occurs during life cycle of angiosperms?

Answer 18

1) microspores form male gametophytes (pollen grain)

2) megaspores form female gametophytes (embryo sacs)

Question 19

when does meiosis occurs during life cycle of angiosperms?

Answer 19

1) the anthers of flower produce microspores

2) the ovules produce megaspores

Question 20

what is the mature sporophyte refers to in the life cycle of Pinus?

Answer 20

Pine embryo

Question 21

give examples of flowering plants.

Answer 21

1) tulips & rose (large, conspicuous flowers)

2) grasses and oaks (small and inconspicuous plants)

Question 22

the mature male gametophyte of an angiosperm consist of

Answer 22

a germinated polar nuclei with a vegetative nucleus and two sperm nuclei

Question 23

the female gametophyte of an angiosperm consist of

Answer 23

a large sac with 8 nuclei in 1 cell

Question 24

cakkkk true or false

moth and butterfly-pollinated flowers tend to have sweet fragrances

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

pollination involves

Answer 25

transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma

Question 26

cakk true or false

an ovary usually becomes a seed

Answer 26

FALSE

ovules&raquo_space; seed

Question 27

what is the products of double fertilisation in angiosperms?

Answer 27

a seed with diploid embryo (2n) and triploid endosperm (3n)

Question 28

what is the part of flower in which ovules are produced?

Answer 28

carpel

Question 29

the ovary of a flower usually matures into

Answer 29

fruit

Question 30

cakk true or false lagi

parthenocarpy involves fruits that develop from ovaries containing unfertilized eggs

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

seed coat develops from

Answer 31

integuments

Question 32

problems associated with the transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment

Answer 32

1) desiccation
2) reproduction
3) support
4) nutrition
5) gaseous exchange
6) environmental variables

Question 33

four phyla of gymnosperms

Answer 33

1) coniferophyta (conifers)
2) gnetophyta (gnetophytes)
3) cyadophyta (cycads)
4) gingkophyta (ginkgoes)

Question 34

which has better adaptation to life on land?

Answer 34

angiosperms