Gymnosperms & Angiosperms Flashcards
cintai alam sekitar
what are the characteristics of gymnosperms?
1) produce naked seeds (not enclosed in ovary)
2) no fruit (no ovary)
3) needle-like leaves
4) ovules located on the surfaces of ovuliferous scales
5) produce cones with reproductive structures
where do gymnosperms commonly found?
at higher altitudes (colder regions) and further north
do gymnosperms have an embryo?
yes.
the ovules becomes the seed encasing the embryo and endosperm in a seed coat, nut does not develop into a fruit after fertilisation.
common characteristics of conifers.
1) cone-bearing plants
2) naked seed, found in ovary
3) needle-like leaves + thick waxy cuticle
4) no xylem vessels, companion cells, sieve tubes
economic importance of conifers.
1) can be commercialized as softwoods
2) firs & spurs provide Christmas tree
3) pine nuts as cooking ingredient
4) produce resin, may protect plants from attack of fungi/insects
common characteristics of pine.
1) sporophyte producing sporangia in cones
2) gametophyte develops from spore(n), stays permanent in sporangium
3) heterosporous;
female gametophyte»_space; megaspore
male gametophyte»_space; microspore
4) simple needle-like leaves
where does meiosis takes place for Pinus?
inside pollen sacs.
meiosis forms haploid pollen grains (microspores)that contain male gametes.
describe male and female cones of Pinus
consist of spirally arranged, closely packed chlorophylls around central axis
where do seeds form in gymnosperms?
cones
what is the dominant life cycle of gymnosperms?
sporophyte generation/phase (2n)
describes angiosperms.
1) flowering plants
2) seed protected by the fruits (enclosed seed)
what are the characteristics of angiosperms?
selain dari yang dah state dekat soalan describe
1) ovary develops into fruits
2) complex vascular tissues (complete xylem and phloem structures)
what is the dominant phase in angiosperms?
alternation of generation is not clear.
tapi takpe kita consider je sporophyte okay.
state the classes of angiosperms.
a) dicot ( 2 seed leaves)
b) monocot ( 1 seed leaf)
examples of dicot plants.
1) sunflower (Helianthus)
2) flame of the forest (Delonix regia)
examples of monocot plants.
1) maize (Zea mays)
2) grass (Puccinia graminis)
how does reproduction in angiosperms begin?
begins when pollen falls onto the top of a flower’s stigma
when do mitosis occurs during life cycle of angiosperms?
1) microspores form male gametophytes (pollen grain)
2) megaspores form female gametophytes (embryo sacs)
when does meiosis occurs during life cycle of angiosperms?
1) the anthers of flower produce microspores
2) the ovules produce megaspores
what is the mature sporophyte refers to in the life cycle of Pinus?
Pine embryo
give examples of flowering plants.
1) tulips & rose (large, conspicuous flowers)
2) grasses and oaks (small and inconspicuous plants)
the mature male gametophyte of an angiosperm consist of
a germinated polar nuclei with a vegetative nucleus and two sperm nuclei
the female gametophyte of an angiosperm consist of
a large sac with 8 nuclei in 1 cell
cakkkk true or false
moth and butterfly-pollinated flowers tend to have sweet fragrances
TRUE
pollination involves
transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma
cakk true or false
an ovary usually becomes a seed
FALSE
ovules»_space; seed
what is the products of double fertilisation in angiosperms?
a seed with diploid embryo (2n) and triploid endosperm (3n)
what is the part of flower in which ovules are produced?
carpel
the ovary of a flower usually matures into
fruit
cakk true or false lagi
parthenocarpy involves fruits that develop from ovaries containing unfertilized eggs
TRUE
seed coat develops from
integuments
problems associated with the transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment
1) desiccation
2) reproduction
3) support
4) nutrition
5) gaseous exchange
6) environmental variables
four phyla of gymnosperms
1) coniferophyta (conifers)
2) gnetophyta (gnetophytes)
3) cyadophyta (cycads)
4) gingkophyta (ginkgoes)
which has better adaptation to life on land?
angiosperms
