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Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

Comp of carbohydaarate and ratio

A

C H O

1:2:1

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2
Q

Characteistic of carbs

A

Sweet
Water soluble
Form crystal

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3
Q

3 classes of carbs

A

Monosaccaharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide

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4
Q

What is the simplest carbs

A

Monosachharide (3-7C) but mostly 5-6C

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5
Q

Monosaccharide combine to form

A

Polymer

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6
Q

Monosaccharide can be converted to other molecule

A

Isomers

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7
Q

Monosaccharide in what form

A

Chain or linear

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8
Q

Properties of monosaccharide

A

Sweet
Water soluble
Can cystallize
Reducind sugar

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9
Q

Function monosaccaride

A

Use as sorce of energy in cellular respiration

Building blocks for other molecules

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10
Q

Classification monosaccharide based on

A

Size of skeleton

Location of carbonyl group

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11
Q

If carbonyl is at end

If carbony kat tengah

A

End aldose

KATengah KETose

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12
Q

3 C
5 C
6C

Name of monosaccharide based on size

A

Triose
Pentose
Hexose

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13
Q

What is structural isomers

A

Due to diff attachment of group of atoms in molecule

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14
Q

What is geometrical isomers

A

Due ti diff SPATIAL attachment of group of atoms in molecule

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15
Q

What is optical isomers

A

Compound which exist in two forms whose structure are mirror image

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16
Q

Why in aqueous solution pentose and hexose form rings

A

More stable

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17
Q

Pyranose haw many C

A

5 C and 1 O

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18
Q

Furanose how many C

A

4 C and 1O

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19
Q

Glucose can form 2 interconvertible ring structure

A

Alpha glucose

Beta glucose

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20
Q

What the different between alpha and beta glucose

A

Alpha OH kat bawah
Beta OH kat atas

Dalam lecture notes yg colur biru tu
Sini takleh letak gambar

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21
Q

What is reducing sugar

A

Ability of sugar to reduce copper valency in benedict’s or Fehling’s solution

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22
Q

Colour change if reducing sugar present

A

Blue solution to brick red precipitate

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23
Q

Ionic eq in reducing sugar

A

Cu2+ + e = Cu+

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24
Q

Reducing sugar is due to presence of

A

Aldehyde or ketone group (free OH) on the anomeric C of sugar

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25
What is anomeric C
Carbon that has functional group
26
Reducing sugar react with food to
Change colour or taste of food
27
Application reducing sugar in medic
Diagnosis of glucose presence in urine
28
What is disaccharide
Two monosaccharide joined covalently by glycosidic bond
29
What is the bond in carbs
Glycosydic bond
30
Which disaccharide non reducing sugar
Sucrose
31
Why sucrose non reducimg sugar
Lose functional group | No aldehyde or ketone
32
What is maltose
Malt sugar that (created when seeds germinate) from hydrolysis of starch Highlt soluble in water Glucose+glucose Reducing sugar Foun in bread, candies, energy bars
33
What is lactose
Milk sugar that foun primarily in dairy foods Glucose+galactose Reducing sugar Found in milk cheese chocolates
34
What is sucrose
Table sugar Obtain from sugar cane or sugar beets Mainly found in plants Most granulated sugar use in baking Glucose+fructose Not reducing sugar
35
Function plysaccaharide
Energy storage (glycogen in animal and starch in plant) Structural support of cell ( cell wall ) cellulose and chitin
36
Function of starch and how it is stored in plants
Store polysaccharide in plant Stored as granules within plastid
37
Is starch soluble in water
No
38
Why iodine turn from yellow to blue black when starch present
Iodine molecules trapped within coils of amylose chain
39
Condensation of alpha glucose in sarch is joined by
Alpha -1,4- glycosidic bond
40
Starch consist of
Amylose chain that is simple linear unbranched jelix Amylopectin that is linear branched helix, branched at alpha-1,6- glycosidic bond
41
Starch can be hydrolysed by
Amylase to break the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond
42
What is function of glycogen and where does it present
Storage polysaccharide in animal Present in muscle and iver (high metabolic activity)
43
What does glycogen consist of
Large alpha glucose polymer tht is more branched than amylopectin
44
Why component in glycogen is much more branched than amylopectin
It has many ends for fast breakdown where during respiration, more ends that the enzyme can start the process of hydrolysis
45
Is glycogen water soluble
No
46
Cellulose is major component of
Cell wall
47
Cellulose consist of
Long unbranched beta glucose linked by beta-1,4-glycosidic bond
48
How is comp in cellulose is arranged
Linear chain arranged parallely, stick together due to H bond formed between hydroxyl group of adjacent cells
49
Chain group together form .......... , large bundle of microfibrils form......
Microfibrils Macrofibrils
50
Macrofibrils has
High tensile strength tat give rigidity to plant
51
What macrofibrils do This allow what
They criss cross forming strong structure held by H bonds Allows water to move through cell wall
52
Strength of cell wall prevent
Cell from bursting when water pass into cell
53
Pressure caused by water makes cell......, suporting plant through.....
Turgid Turgor pressure
54
Most organism cannot hydrolyse cellulose bcs
Absence of cellulase
55
Celluase in human diet is to Where can cellulise be obtained
Aid in smooth passage of food in digestive tract Fruit vegetable grain
56
Does cellulose has diff structure from starch
Yes In starch OH dia semua kat bawah tapi cellulose selang seli atas bawah Nanti pegi tengok gambar dia
57
Cellulase is to
Breakdown the beta-1,4-glycosidic bond in cellulose
58
Organism that have cellulase
Ruminants
59
Cellulose is major comp of
Tough cell walls that enclosed plant
60
What is chitin
Polymer of amino sugar attached to glucose monomers
61
What is the function of chitin
Form exoskeleton of arthropods and cell walls of fungi

Bio Srikandi UM (16 decks)

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