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Bio Srikandi UM > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

Comp of carbohydaarate and ratio

A

C H O

1:2:1

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2
Q

Characteistic of carbs

A

Sweet
Water soluble
Form crystal

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3
Q

3 classes of carbs

A

Monosaccaharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide

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4
Q

What is the simplest carbs

A

Monosachharide (3-7C) but mostly 5-6C

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5
Q

Monosaccharide combine to form

A

Polymer

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6
Q

Monosaccharide can be converted to other molecule

A

Isomers

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7
Q

Monosaccharide in what form

A

Chain or linear

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8
Q

Properties of monosaccharide

A

Sweet
Water soluble
Can cystallize
Reducind sugar

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9
Q

Function monosaccaride

A

Use as sorce of energy in cellular respiration

Building blocks for other molecules

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10
Q

Classification monosaccharide based on

A

Size of skeleton

Location of carbonyl group

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11
Q

If carbonyl is at end

If carbony kat tengah

A

End aldose

KATengah KETose

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12
Q

3 C
5 C
6C

Name of monosaccharide based on size

A

Triose
Pentose
Hexose

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13
Q

What is structural isomers

A

Due to diff attachment of group of atoms in molecule

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14
Q

What is geometrical isomers

A

Due ti diff SPATIAL attachment of group of atoms in molecule

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15
Q

What is optical isomers

A

Compound which exist in two forms whose structure are mirror image

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16
Q

Why in aqueous solution pentose and hexose form rings

A

More stable

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17
Q

Pyranose haw many C

A

5 C and 1 O

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18
Q

Furanose how many C

A

4 C and 1O

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19
Q

Glucose can form 2 interconvertible ring structure

A

Alpha glucose

Beta glucose

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20
Q

What the different between alpha and beta glucose

A

Alpha OH kat bawah
Beta OH kat atas

Dalam lecture notes yg colur biru tu
Sini takleh letak gambar

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21
Q

What is reducing sugar

A

Ability of sugar to reduce copper valency in benedict’s or Fehling’s solution

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22
Q

Colour change if reducing sugar present

A

Blue solution to brick red precipitate

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23
Q

Ionic eq in reducing sugar

A

Cu2+ + e = Cu+

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24
Q

Reducing sugar is due to presence of

A

Aldehyde or ketone group (free OH) on the anomeric C of sugar

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25
Q

What is anomeric C

A

Carbon that has functional group

26
Q

Reducing sugar react with food to

A

Change colour or taste of food

27
Q

Application reducing sugar in medic

A

Diagnosis of glucose presence in urine

28
Q

What is disaccharide

A

Two monosaccharide joined covalently by glycosidic bond

29
Q

What is the bond in carbs

A

Glycosydic bond

30
Q

Which disaccharide non reducing sugar

A

Sucrose

31
Q

Why sucrose non reducimg sugar

A

Lose functional group

No aldehyde or ketone

32
Q

What is maltose

A

Malt sugar that (created when seeds germinate) from hydrolysis of starch

Highlt soluble in water

Glucose+glucose

Reducing sugar

Foun in bread, candies, energy bars

33
Q

What is lactose

A

Milk sugar that foun primarily in dairy foods

Glucose+galactose

Reducing sugar

Found in milk cheese chocolates

34
Q

What is sucrose

A

Table sugar

Obtain from sugar cane or sugar beets

Mainly found in plants

Most granulated sugar use in baking

Glucose+fructose

Not reducing sugar

35
Q

Function plysaccaharide

A

Energy storage (glycogen in animal and starch in plant)

Structural support of cell ( cell wall ) cellulose and chitin

36
Q

Function of starch and how it is stored in plants

A

Store polysaccharide in plant

Stored as granules within plastid

37
Q

Is starch soluble in water

A

No

38
Q

Why iodine turn from yellow to blue black when starch present

A

Iodine molecules trapped within coils of amylose chain

39
Q

Condensation of alpha glucose in sarch is joined by

A

Alpha -1,4- glycosidic bond

40
Q

Starch consist of

A

Amylose chain that is simple linear unbranched jelix

Amylopectin that is linear branched helix, branched at alpha-1,6- glycosidic bond

41
Q

Starch can be hydrolysed by

A

Amylase to break the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond

42
Q

What is function of glycogen and where does it present

A

Storage polysaccharide in animal

Present in muscle and iver (high metabolic activity)

43
Q

What does glycogen consist of

A

Large alpha glucose polymer tht is more branched than amylopectin

44
Q

Why component in glycogen is much more branched than amylopectin

A

It has many ends for fast breakdown where during respiration, more ends that the enzyme can start the process of hydrolysis

45
Q

Is glycogen water soluble

A

No

46
Q

Cellulose is major component of

A

Cell wall

47
Q

Cellulose consist of

A

Long unbranched beta glucose linked by beta-1,4-glycosidic bond

48
Q

How is comp in cellulose is arranged

A

Linear chain arranged parallely, stick together due to H bond formed between hydroxyl group of adjacent cells

49
Q

Chain group together form ………. , large bundle of microfibrils form……

A

Microfibrils

Macrofibrils

50
Q

Macrofibrils has

A

High tensile strength tat give rigidity to plant

51
Q

What macrofibrils do

This allow what

A

They criss cross forming strong structure held by H bonds

Allows water to move through cell wall

52
Q

Strength of cell wall prevent

A

Cell from bursting when water pass into cell

53
Q

Pressure caused by water makes cell……, suporting plant through…..

A

Turgid

Turgor pressure

54
Q

Most organism cannot hydrolyse cellulose bcs

A

Absence of cellulase

55
Q

Celluase in human diet is to

Where can cellulise be obtained

A

Aid in smooth passage of food in digestive tract

Fruit vegetable grain

56
Q

Does cellulose has diff structure from starch

A

Yes

In starch OH dia semua kat bawah tapi cellulose selang seli atas bawah

Nanti pegi tengok gambar dia

57
Q

Cellulase is to

A

Breakdown the beta-1,4-glycosidic bond in cellulose

58
Q

Organism that have cellulase

A

Ruminants

59
Q

Cellulose is major comp of

A

Tough cell walls that enclosed plant

60
Q

What is chitin

A

Polymer of amino sugar attached to glucose monomers

61
Q

What is the function of chitin

A

Form exoskeleton of arthropods and cell walls of fungi

Bio Srikandi UM (16 decks)

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