Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Moralfilosofi och metaetik > PSYD13 Delkurs 1 - Memory > Flashcards

PSYD13 Delkurs 1 - Memory Flashcards

1
Q

Who’s Joe??

A

> :)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Amnesia?

A

A deficit in memory where memory for new, or old (or both) things may be partially or totally lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define memory

A

The processes that allow us to record, store and later retrieve experiences and information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Encoding?

A

Getting information into the system by translating it into a neural code that you brain processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Storage?

A

Retaining information over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Retrieval?

A

Processes that access stored information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sensory memory?

A

Briefly holds incoming sensory information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Short-term memory?

A

Memory store that temporarily holds a limited amount of information, consist of 2 parts: storage and manipulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Baddeley’s model

A

The desktop analogy that consists of the visuospatial sketch pad, phonological loop and the central executive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Visuospatial sketch pad?

A

“The Mind’s Eye” - our visual short-term memory that retains visual information over (short) time. Ex. when we had to remember what the Moose looked like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Phonological loop?

A

“The voice inside your head” consists of phonological store and articulatory rehearsal loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Phonological store?

A

holds sound or speech-based information for 1-2 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Articulatory rehearsal loop?

A

Our inner speech, need it to be able to retain auditory information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Central executive?

A

“The command center” with the function of “shifting the spotlight” - responsible for controlled processing in working memory, including but not limited to, directing attention, maintaining task goals, decision making, and memory retrieval.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Episodic buffer?

A

Provides a temporary storage space where information from LTM and from the phonological loop and/or visuospatial subsystems can be integrated, manipulated and made available for conscious awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Memory codes?

A

Mental representations of some type of information or stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Chunking?

A

Combining individual items into larger units of meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Working memory?

A

same as STM - a limited-capacity system that temporarily stores and processes information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Long-term memory?

A

Consists of non-declarative (procedural, perceptual/priming and conditioning) and declarative memory (semantic and episodic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Procedural memory?

A

you train (proceed) and learn new skills like for example biking or playing the piano

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Perceptual memory? i.e. priming

A

Exposure to stimuli makes you familiar with it. In other words identification like face-recognition. Another example being using priming for advertisement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Conditioning?

A

“automatic associative learning”, most classic case of conditioning being pavlovian reinforcement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Semantic memory?

A

Our knowledge about the world, object knowledge, language, conceptual priming (the semantic meaning to words activate associated memories such as schemas, stereotypes, attitudes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Episodic memory?

A

“Mental time travel”, context, time/place, our personal experiences, by accessing our episodic memory we can re-experience our experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Serial position effect?

A

The ability to recall an item is influenced by the item’s position in a series

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the 3 categories of depth of processing and memory?

A

Structural (shallow), phonemic (deeper) and semantic (deepest) - ex. 1. Is the word in capital letters? 2. Does the word rhyme with course? 3. Does the word fit into the sentence?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the concept of levels of processing?

A

The concept states that the more deeply we process information, the better we will remember it. However, let’s not forget that if asked which words rhymed, the people how were asked about the rhyming will remember best

28
Q

Dual coding theory?

A

Encoding information using both verbal and visual codes enhances memory because the odds improve that at least on of the codes will be available to later to support recall

29
Q

Method of loci?

A

A memory aid that associates information with mental images of physical locations, ex. guy that memorised cards by placing them in a house

30
Q

Mnemonic device?

A

A memory aid

31
Q

Schema?

A

A mental framework, an organised pattern of thought about some aspect of the world, ex. acquiring expertise in a skill is done through schemas, like reading a sheet of music

32
Q

Associative network?

A

A massive network of associated ideas and concepts

33
Q

Neural network (connectionist) models?

A

Each memory is represented by a unique pattern of interconnected and simultaneously activated nodes

34
Q

Explicit memory?

A

Conscious or intentional memory retrieval, as when you consciously recognise or recall something

35
Q

Implicit memory?

A

When memory influences our behaviour without conscious awareness, ex. HM was able to form a procedural memory for performing the mirror-tracing task, although he had no conscious awareness of having learned it

36
Q

Retrieval cue?

A

A stimulus whether internal or external, that activates information stored in LTM

37
Q

Autobiographical memories?

A

Memory of the events of one’s life

38
Q

Flashbulb memories?

A

Recollections that seems so vivid, so clear, that we can picture them as if they were snapshots of moments in time, ex. 9/11, everyone remembers what they were doing

39
Q

Encoding specificity principle?

A

Memory is enhanced when conditions present during retrieval match those that were present during encoding,

40
Q

Context-dependent memory?

A

It typically is easier to remember something in the same environment in which it was originally encoded, ex. scuba divers

41
Q

State-dependent memory?

A

Our ability to retrieve information is greater when our internal state at the time of retrieval matches our original state during learning, ex. jogger who was raped while out jogging remembered it (arousal while jogging)

42
Q

Mood-congruent recall?

A

We tend to recall information or events that are congruent with our current mood

43
Q

Decay theory?

A

With time and disuse the long-term physical memory trace in the nervous system fades away

44
Q

What is the interference theory?

A

We forget information because other items in LTM impair out ability to retrieve it

45
Q

Proactive interference?

A

Occurs when material learned in the past interferes with recall of newer material, ex. learn spanish -> learn french -> spanish interfere w recall of french

46
Q

Retroactive interference?

A

Occurs when newly acquired information interferes with the ability to recall information learned at an earlier time, ex. learn spanish -> learn french -> french interferes w recall of spanish

47
Q

Tip-of-the-tounge (TOT) state?

A

We cannot recall something but feel that we are one the verge of remembering it

48
Q

Which phenomenon contradicts the decay theory?

A

Reminiscence! The decay theory says that memory decays over time, however reminiscence contradicts this theory - ex. how do actors remember their lines from 2 years ago?

49
Q

Repression?

A

A motivational process that protects us by blocking the conscious recall of anxiety-arousing memories

50
Q

Why is the concept of repression controversial?

A

Why do we forget positive memories? Is forgetting negative and even traumatic events an encoding failure?

51
Q

Prospective memory?

A

Remembering to perform an activity in the future, ex. cues like “remember to take the trash with you on your way out

52
Q

Retrograde amnesia?

A

Memory loss for events that took place some time in life before the onset of amnesia, i.e. ouch hippocampus = forgets from before leisure

53
Q

Anterograde amnesia?

A

Memory loss for events that occur after the initial onset of amnesia, i.e. cannot encode new memories after leisure

54
Q

Dementia?

A

Impaired memory and other cognitive deficits that accompany brain degeneration and interfere with normal functioning

55
Q

Alzeheimer’s disease (AD)

A

A progressive brain disorder that is the most common cause of dementia among adults over the age of 65

56
Q

Infantile amnesia?

A

Memory loss for early experiences

57
Q

Misinformation effect?

A

The distortion of a memory by misleading post-event information, ex. how fast were you driving when you (crashed vs bumped) into each other?

58
Q

Source confusion?

A

Our tendency to recall something or recognise it as familiar but forget where we encountered it, ex. suggestive statements after a crime “the burglar had a gun”

59
Q

How can culture influence our memory?

A

Americans and europeans are learnt to be more individualistic compared to the western world. In one experiment participants from different cultures were asked about their first memory - Chinese participants had more family events than American participants

60
Q

Memory consolidation?

A

A gradual process by which the brain transfers information into the LTM

61
Q

Long-term potentiation (LTP)?

A

Enduring increase in synaptic strength

62
Q

Recency effect?

A

When you better remember information that was presented last in a material or event

63
Q

Primacy effect?

A

When you better remember information that was presented first in a material or event

64
Q

The weapon focus effect?

A

States that the concentration of a crime witness’s attention on a weapon, and the resultant reduction in ability to remember details of the crime

65
Q

Change blindness?

A

Failure to detect changes in the visual environment.
Example: Experimenter switch in the middle of pedestrian giving directions

Moralfilosofi och metaetik (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions