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DIAGNOSIS & FORMULATION > PSYCHOSIS (WK9) > Flashcards

PSYCHOSIS (WK9) Flashcards

1
Q

HOW MANY PEOPLE ON AVERAGE, AROUND THE WORLD, HAVE SCHIZOPHRENIA?

A

24 MILLION

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2
Q

WHAT IS PSYCHOSIS?

A

A BROAD TERM USED TO DESCRIBE SOMEONE WHO IS EXPERIENCING SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHOTIC DISORDER.

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3
Q

WHAT IS THE DSM-5 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA?

A

A) AT LEAST 2 OF THE 5 CHARACTERISTIC SYMPTOMS
B) SOCIAL / OCCUPATIONAL DYSFUNCTION
C) CONTINUOUS SIGNS OF DISTURBANCE PERSISTING FOR AT LEAST 6 MONTHS
D) NOT DUE TO OTHER DISORDER
E) NOT ATTRIBUTABLE TO SUBSTANCES OR OTHER DISORDERS

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4
Q

WHAT ARE THE DSM-5 DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERISTIC SYMPTOMS FOR SCHIZOPREHNIA?

A

1) DELUSIONS
2) HALLUCINATIONS
3) DISORGANISED SPEECH
4) GROSSLY DISORGANISED OR CATATONIC BEHAVIOUR
5) NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS

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5
Q

WHAT IS THE DIFFICULTY WITH DIAGNOSING SCHIZOPHRENIA?

A

THERE IS NO BIOLOGICAL OR LAB TESTS THAT CAN CONFIRM PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSES.

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6
Q

WHAT OTHER KNOWN MEDICAL CAUSES OF PSYCHOSIS ARE THERE?

A

*THYROID DYSFUNCTION
*METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION
*EPILEPSY
*PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS SUCH AS ANTIDEPRESSANTS

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7
Q

WHAT ARE NEGATIVE PSYCHOSIS SYMPTOMS?

A

SYMPTOMS WHICH DECREASE IN DEFICITS.
E.G. ALOGIA, AVOLITION, FLATTENED EFFECT.

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8
Q

WHAT ARE POSITIVE PSYCHOSIS SYMPTOMS?

A

EXCESSIVE / ADDITIONAL TO THOSE WITH A NORMAL HEALTHY MIND.

E.G. DISORGANISED SPEECH / BEHAVIOUR, DELUSION. AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS

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9
Q

WHAT IS A HALLUCINATION?

A

DISORDER OF PERCEPTION (MOSTLY AUDITORY)

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10
Q

WHAT ARE DELUSIONS?

A

DISORDER OF COGNITION

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11
Q

WHAT IS MEANT BY THE THE TERM FLATTENED AFFECT?

A

REDUCTION IN EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION AND WITHDRAWAL FROM THE OUTSIDE WORLD.

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12
Q

WHAT IS AVOLITION?

A

REFERS TO APATHY AND AN INABILITY TO INITIATIVE VARIOUS ACTIVITIES SUCH AS SELF-CARE.

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13
Q

WHAT IS ALOGIA?

A

POVERTY OF SPEECH. CAUSES YOU TO SPEAK LESS, SAY FEWER WORDS OR ONLY SPEAK IN RESPONSE TO OTHERS.

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14
Q

WHAT IS ANHEDONIA?

A

LACK OF PLEASURE OR LOSS OF INTEREST IN NORMALLY PLEASURABLE / INTERESTING THINGS.

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15
Q

WHAT IS IMPORTANT FOR DELUSIONAL DISORDER?

A

CRITERION A FOR SCHIZOPRENIA HAS NEVER BEEN MET.

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16
Q

WHAT ARE THE 2 MAIN SUBTYPES OF DELUSIONAL DISORDER?

A

1) SPECIFY SUBTYPE (GRANDOISE, JEALOUS, EROTOMANIC, MIXED, SOMATIC)
2) OTHER SPECIFIERS

17
Q

WHAT DOES A DELUSION DISORDER SUBTYPE DEPEND ON?

A

THE CONTENT OF AN INDIVIDUAL’S DELUSIONS.

18
Q

WHAT IS THE DSM-5 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR BRIEF PSYCHOTIC DISORDER?

A

A) PRESENCE OF 1 OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING: DELUSIONS, HALLUCINATIONS, DISORGANISED SPEECH/BEHAVIOUR
B) DURATION OF DISTURBANCE IS 1 DAY TO 1 MONTH
C) NOT RELATED TO SCHIZOPHRENIA.

19
Q

WHICH OTHER DISORDERS CAN ALSO HAVE PSYCHOTIC FEATURES?

A

*ALZEIMERS
*MDD

20
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 STAGES AT WHICH MOST PEOPLE GO THROUGH DURING SCHIZOPHRENIA?

A

1) PRODOMAL
2) ACTIVE / ACUTE
3) RESIDUAL / RECOVERY

21
Q

EXPLAIN THE PROMODAL STAGE OF SCHIZOPHRENIA?

A

*FRIENDS AND FAMILY NOTICE STRAGE BEHAVIOUR
*INDIVIDUAL HAS NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS AND WANTS TO BE ALONE MUCH OF THE TIME

22
Q

EXPLAIN THE ACTIVE / ACUTE STAGE OF SCHIZOPHRENIA?

A

WHEN SCHIZOPHRENIA IS USUALLY DIAGNOSED. THE SYMPTOMS ARE MOST SEVERE AND PROMINENT.

23
Q

EXPLAIN THE RESIDUAL / RECOVERY STAGE OF SCHIZOPHRENIA?

A

NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS TEND TO PERSIST MORE; BUT THERE MAY BE SOME ATTENUATED POSITIVE ONES.

24
Q

IS SCHIZOPHRENIA GENETIC?

A

YES, IT IS HIGHLY HERITABLE.

25
Q

WHAT IS THE CONCORDANCE RATE OF SCHIZOPHRENIA IN IDENTICAL TWINS?

A

46% TO 50%

26
Q

WHAT IS THE CONCORDANCE RATE FOR SCHIZIPHRENIA FOR DIZYGOTIC TWINS?

A

14%

27
Q

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF IDENTICAL TWIN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA HAVE A CHANCE OF DEVELOPING THE ILLNESS?

A

50% - THIS SUGGESTS THERE IS ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSAL FACTORS IN ADDITION TO GENETIC ONES.

28
Q

WHAT ARE SOME STRUCTURAL BRAIN DIFFERENCES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA?

A

*TOTAL BRAIN VOLUME IS REDUCED
*REDUCED GREY MATTER IN SPECIFIC AREAS
*LATERAL AND THIRD VENTRICAL SPACES ARE LARGER

29
Q

WHAT IS THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA?

A

THE THEORY THAT EXCESS DOPAMINE CONTRIBUTES TO POSITIVE SYMPTOMS SUCH AS PSYCHOSIS. WHILST LOW DOPAMINE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS.

30
Q

WHAT ARE SOME PROBLEMS WITH THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA?

A

*NEWER ANI-PSYCHOTIC IMPLICATE SEROTONIN RATHER THAN DOPAMINE.
*DOPAMINE MAY JUST BE ONE PART OF MORE COMPLEX SET OF CAUSAL FACTORS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA.

31
Q

WHAT STREET DRUG CAN CAUSE PSYCHOSIS?

A

PCP

32
Q

WHAT ARE SOME SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS BELIEVED TO INFLUENCE THE CHANCE OF DEVELOPING PSYCHOSIS?

A

*WAR
*LOWER SES
*DEVELOPMENTAL TRAUMA
*GROWING UP IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT

DIAGNOSIS & FORMULATION (8 decks)

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