PSYCHOSIS (WK9) Flashcards
HOW MANY PEOPLE ON AVERAGE, AROUND THE WORLD, HAVE SCHIZOPHRENIA?
24 MILLION
WHAT IS PSYCHOSIS?
A BROAD TERM USED TO DESCRIBE SOMEONE WHO IS EXPERIENCING SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHOTIC DISORDER.
WHAT IS THE DSM-5 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA?
A) AT LEAST 2 OF THE 5 CHARACTERISTIC SYMPTOMS
B) SOCIAL / OCCUPATIONAL DYSFUNCTION
C) CONTINUOUS SIGNS OF DISTURBANCE PERSISTING FOR AT LEAST 6 MONTHS
D) NOT DUE TO OTHER DISORDER
E) NOT ATTRIBUTABLE TO SUBSTANCES OR OTHER DISORDERS
WHAT ARE THE DSM-5 DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERISTIC SYMPTOMS FOR SCHIZOPREHNIA?
1) DELUSIONS
2) HALLUCINATIONS
3) DISORGANISED SPEECH
4) GROSSLY DISORGANISED OR CATATONIC BEHAVIOUR
5) NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS
WHAT IS THE DIFFICULTY WITH DIAGNOSING SCHIZOPHRENIA?
THERE IS NO BIOLOGICAL OR LAB TESTS THAT CAN CONFIRM PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSES.
WHAT OTHER KNOWN MEDICAL CAUSES OF PSYCHOSIS ARE THERE?
*THYROID DYSFUNCTION
*METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION
*EPILEPSY
*PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS SUCH AS ANTIDEPRESSANTS
WHAT ARE NEGATIVE PSYCHOSIS SYMPTOMS?
SYMPTOMS WHICH DECREASE IN DEFICITS.
E.G. ALOGIA, AVOLITION, FLATTENED EFFECT.
WHAT ARE POSITIVE PSYCHOSIS SYMPTOMS?
EXCESSIVE / ADDITIONAL TO THOSE WITH A NORMAL HEALTHY MIND.
E.G. DISORGANISED SPEECH / BEHAVIOUR, DELUSION. AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS
WHAT IS A HALLUCINATION?
DISORDER OF PERCEPTION (MOSTLY AUDITORY)
WHAT ARE DELUSIONS?
DISORDER OF COGNITION
WHAT IS MEANT BY THE THE TERM FLATTENED AFFECT?
REDUCTION IN EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION AND WITHDRAWAL FROM THE OUTSIDE WORLD.
WHAT IS AVOLITION?
REFERS TO APATHY AND AN INABILITY TO INITIATIVE VARIOUS ACTIVITIES SUCH AS SELF-CARE.
WHAT IS ALOGIA?
POVERTY OF SPEECH. CAUSES YOU TO SPEAK LESS, SAY FEWER WORDS OR ONLY SPEAK IN RESPONSE TO OTHERS.
WHAT IS ANHEDONIA?
LACK OF PLEASURE OR LOSS OF INTEREST IN NORMALLY PLEASURABLE / INTERESTING THINGS.
WHAT IS IMPORTANT FOR DELUSIONAL DISORDER?
CRITERION A FOR SCHIZOPRENIA HAS NEVER BEEN MET.
WHAT ARE THE 2 MAIN SUBTYPES OF DELUSIONAL DISORDER?
1) SPECIFY SUBTYPE (GRANDOISE, JEALOUS, EROTOMANIC, MIXED, SOMATIC)
2) OTHER SPECIFIERS
WHAT DOES A DELUSION DISORDER SUBTYPE DEPEND ON?
THE CONTENT OF AN INDIVIDUAL’S DELUSIONS.
WHAT IS THE DSM-5 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR BRIEF PSYCHOTIC DISORDER?
A) PRESENCE OF 1 OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING: DELUSIONS, HALLUCINATIONS, DISORGANISED SPEECH/BEHAVIOUR
B) DURATION OF DISTURBANCE IS 1 DAY TO 1 MONTH
C) NOT RELATED TO SCHIZOPHRENIA.
WHICH OTHER DISORDERS CAN ALSO HAVE PSYCHOTIC FEATURES?
*ALZEIMERS
*MDD
WHAT ARE THE 3 STAGES AT WHICH MOST PEOPLE GO THROUGH DURING SCHIZOPHRENIA?
1) PRODOMAL
2) ACTIVE / ACUTE
3) RESIDUAL / RECOVERY
EXPLAIN THE PROMODAL STAGE OF SCHIZOPHRENIA?
*FRIENDS AND FAMILY NOTICE STRAGE BEHAVIOUR
*INDIVIDUAL HAS NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS AND WANTS TO BE ALONE MUCH OF THE TIME
EXPLAIN THE ACTIVE / ACUTE STAGE OF SCHIZOPHRENIA?
WHEN SCHIZOPHRENIA IS USUALLY DIAGNOSED. THE SYMPTOMS ARE MOST SEVERE AND PROMINENT.
EXPLAIN THE RESIDUAL / RECOVERY STAGE OF SCHIZOPHRENIA?
NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS TEND TO PERSIST MORE; BUT THERE MAY BE SOME ATTENUATED POSITIVE ONES.
IS SCHIZOPHRENIA GENETIC?
YES, IT IS HIGHLY HERITABLE.
WHAT IS THE CONCORDANCE RATE OF SCHIZOPHRENIA IN IDENTICAL TWINS?
46% TO 50%
WHAT IS THE CONCORDANCE RATE FOR SCHIZIPHRENIA FOR DIZYGOTIC TWINS?
14%
WHAT PERCENTAGE OF IDENTICAL TWIN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA HAVE A CHANCE OF DEVELOPING THE ILLNESS?
50% - THIS SUGGESTS THERE IS ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSAL FACTORS IN ADDITION TO GENETIC ONES.
WHAT ARE SOME STRUCTURAL BRAIN DIFFERENCES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA?
*TOTAL BRAIN VOLUME IS REDUCED
*REDUCED GREY MATTER IN SPECIFIC AREAS
*LATERAL AND THIRD VENTRICAL SPACES ARE LARGER
WHAT IS THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA?
THE THEORY THAT EXCESS DOPAMINE CONTRIBUTES TO POSITIVE SYMPTOMS SUCH AS PSYCHOSIS. WHILST LOW DOPAMINE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS.
WHAT ARE SOME PROBLEMS WITH THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA?
*NEWER ANI-PSYCHOTIC IMPLICATE SEROTONIN RATHER THAN DOPAMINE.
*DOPAMINE MAY JUST BE ONE PART OF MORE COMPLEX SET OF CAUSAL FACTORS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA.
WHAT STREET DRUG CAN CAUSE PSYCHOSIS?
PCP
WHAT ARE SOME SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS BELIEVED TO INFLUENCE THE CHANCE OF DEVELOPING PSYCHOSIS?
*WAR
*LOWER SES
*DEVELOPMENTAL TRAUMA
*GROWING UP IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT
