OCD (WK8) Flashcards
WHAT ARE OBSESSIONS?
PERSISTENT, INTRUSIVE, UNWANTED, RECURRENT THOUGHTS/IMAGES/IMPULSES
WHAT ARE COMPULSIONS?
REPETITIVE BEHAVIOUR(S) OR MENTAL RITUALS TO NEUTRALISE OR RELIEVE ANXIETY.
WHAT IS THE DSM-5 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR OCD?
A) PRESENCE OF OBSESSION, COMPULSIONS OR BOTH.
B) OBSESSIONS AND COMPULSIONS ARE TIME CONSUMING
C) THE SYMPTOMS ARE NOT ATTRIBUTABLE TO SUBSTANCE EFFECTS
D) NOT BETTER EXPLAINED BY ANOTHER MENTAL DISORDER
WHAT DEFINES OBSESSIONS?
1) RECURRENT AND PERSISTANT THOUGHTS, URGES, OR IMAGES, WHIDH CAUSES MARKED ANXIETY OR DISTRESS
2) INDIVIDUAL ATTEMPTS TO IGNORE OR SUPRESS THOUGHTS
WHAT DEFINES COMPULSIONS?
1) REPEITIVE BEHAVIOURS OR MENTAL ACTS THAT THEY FEEL DRIVEN TO PERFORM
2) BEHAVIOURS ARE AIMED AT REDUCING OR PREVENTING ANXIETY OR DISTRESS. BUT THEY ARE NOT CONNECTED IN A REALISTIC WAY.
WHAT ARE SOME COMMON OBSESSIONS IN OCD?
*CONTAMINATION FEARS = 37.8%
*FEARS OF HARMING ONSELF OR OTHERS = 23.6%
*AGGRESSION
*RELIGIOUS
*SEXUAL
WHAT ARE COMMON COMPULSIONS IN OCD?
*CHECKING
*CLEANING/WASHING
*REPEATING ACTS
*HOARDING
*COUNTING
WHAT IS THE WOMEN TO MALE RATIO OF OCD DIAGNOSIS?
1.4 : 1
WHAT IS THE LIFETIME PREVALANCE OF OCD?
2% TO 3%
WHEN DOES OCD COMMONLY ONSET ?
LATE ADOLESCENCE OR EARLY ADULTHOOD
WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE OF THOSE WITH OCD HAVING A COMORBID ANXIETY DISORDER?
66.8% TO 75.8%
WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE OF THOSE WITH OCD HAVING A COMORBID MOOD DISORDER?
63.3% TO 69%
ON AVERAGE WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THOSE WITH OCD ARE UNEMPLOYED?
30% TO 60%
WHAT ARE SOME CAUSAL BIOLOGICAL FACTORS FOR OCD?
*GENETICS
*BRAIN STRUCTURE
*NEUROTRANSMITTERS
WHAT ARE SOME CAUSAL PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS?
*LEARNED AVOIDANCE
*THOUGTH SUPPRESSION
*PERFECTIONISM
WHAT DOES EVOLUTIONARY THEORY ARGUE ABOUT OCD?
MODERATE COMPULSIVE BEHAVIOUR MAY HAVE ADVANTAGES SUCH AS ENSURING HYGIENE. OCD GENES COULD BE NORMATIVE IN MODERATIVE PENETRANCE.
WHAT LEARNING PROCESS IS THOUGHT TO CONDITION OCD?
CLASSICIAL CONDITIONING
EXPLAIN THE CBT MODEL IN OCD?
AN INTRUSIVE THOUGHT ENTERS THE MIND. THIS LEADS TO STRONG FEELINGS OF ANXIETY. THE PERSON HAS STRONG MOTIVATIONS TO REDUCE THIS FEELING HENCE MAY PERFORM A BEHAVIOUR. THIS LEADS TO A TEMPORARY REDUCTION, WHICH STRENGHTENS THE OBSESSION-RESPONSE FOR THE FUTURE.
WHAT ARE COMMON COPING STRATEGIES FOR OCD?
*OVERT AVOIDANCE (E.G. OF THE TRIGGERING STIMULI)
*COVERT AVOIDANCE (E.G. THOUGHT SUPPRESSION)
HOW DOES OCD IMPACT MEMORY?
BECUASE OCD OFTEN LEADS PEOPLE FEELING UNSURE ON WHAT IS A REAL MEMORY.
WHAT IS THE MAIN PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF CHOICE FOR OCD?
CBT WITH EXPOSURE RESPONSE PREVENTION.
WHAT DO THE NICE GUIDELINES RECOMMEND FOR TREATING MILD CASES OF OCD?:
BRIEF COURSE OF CBT AND ERP FOR 10 OR LESS THERAPY HOURS
WHAT DOES THE NICE GUIDELINE RECOMMEND FOR TREATING MORE SEVERE CASES OF OCD?
INTENSE CBT AND ERP (10+ HOURS) OR A COURSE OF SSRI’S
WHAT IS ERP?
EXPOSURE RESPONSE PREVENTION WHICH IS WHERE THE PATIENT IS EXPOSED TO THE OBSESSION WHILE THE COMPULSION IS PROHIBITED.
