KEY TERMS & CONCEPTS Flashcards
WHAT IS A MENTAL DISORDER, ACCORDING TO THE DSM?
A SYNDROME THAT IS CHARACTERISED BY CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT DISTURBANCE IN AN INDIVIDUALS CONGITION, EMOTION REGULATION, OR BEHAVIOUR.
WHAT DOES A MENTAL DISORDER REFLECT?
A DYSFUNCTION IN THE PSYCHOLOGICAL, BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PROCESSES UNDERLYING MENTAL FUNCTIONING.
WHAT DOES THE DEFINITION OF A MENTAL DISORDER NOT INCLUDE?
*CULUTRALLY APPROVED RESPONSED TO STRESSORS
*SOCIALLY DEVIANT BEHAVIOURS THAT IS PRIMARILY BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUIAL AND SOCIETY.
WHAT IS CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS?
REFERS TO THE PROCESS OF DETERMINING WHETHER THE PARTICULAR PROBLEM AFFECTING A PERSON MEETS ALL CRITERIA FOR A PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER AS SET OUT BY THE DSM OR ICD
WHAT ARE THE 2 CURRENT CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS IN USE?
*ICD
*DSM
WHAT DOES DSM STAND FOR?
DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS.
WHO DIAGNOSES PATIENTS WITH MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS?
PSYCHIATRIST
WHAT ARE THE ASSUMPTIONS OF CATEGORICAL SYSTEMS LIKE THE DSM?
*DIAGNOSES ARE MADE FROM OBSERVABLE SYMPTOMS
*THOUGHTS, FEELINGS, AND BEHAVIOURS CAN FIT INTO NEAT CATEGORIES
*ARE CLEAR BOUNDARIES BETWEEN DISORDERS
WHAT ARE SOME BENEFITS OF DIAGNOSES FOR SERVICE-USERS?
*INCREASED SENSE OF VALIDATION
*INCREASE ACCESS TO TREATMENT AND SERVICES
*AID THE SENSE OF NORMALISATION
*IDENTIFICATION WITH OTHERS
WHAT ARE SOME LIMITATIONS OF DIAGNOSES FOR SERVICE-USERS?
*LEAD TO DISCRIMINATION, SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND PREJUDICE
*CAN BE STIGMATISING
*REDUCE COMPLEXITY OF SUFFERING
*RESULT IN SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECIES
HOW DO DIAGNOSES HELP RESEARCHERS AND CLINICIANS?
*FACILIATE COMMUNICATION
*COLLECTION OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA
*AIDS DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE AND STANDARDISED TREATMENTS
*INFORM EVIDENCE-BASED CLINICAL PRACTICE
WHAT IS COMORBIDITY?
WHEN PEOPLE MEET CRITIERIA FOR MORE THAN ONE DIAGNOSIS SIMULTANEOSULY OR OVER TIME. THUS IT IS THE OVERLAPPING OF DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA.
WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A COMMON COMORBIDITY?
DEPRESSION AND GENERALISED ANXIETY DISORDER
WHAT CAN CAUSE COMORBIDITY?
*COMMON UNDERLYING PROCESSES
*ONE DISORDER CAUSALLY RELATES TO ANOTHER
WHAT IS CLINICAL FORMULATION?
FORMULATION CAN BE DEFINED AS THE PROCESS OF CO-CONSTRUCTING A HYPOTHESIS OR BEST-GUESS ABOUT THE ORIGINS OF A PERSON’S DIFFICULTIES IN TERMS OF THEIR CONTEXT.
WHAT ARE THE PURPOSES OF FORMULATION?
*TO SUMMARISE AND EXPLAIN THE CLIENT’S DIFFICULTIES
*GUIDE INTERVENTION
WHAT IS THE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL?
A COMPLEX INTERPLAY BETWEEN BIOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS.
WHAT IS TEMPERAMENT?
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN EMOTIONAL, MOTOR, AND ATTENTION REACTIVITY MEASURED BY LATENCY, INTENSITY, AND SELF-REGULATORY RESPONSES.
WHAT MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS ARE MORE COMMON IN MEN?
*SUICIDE
*SUBSTANCE USE
*ROUGH SLEEPING
WHAT MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS ARE MORE COMMON IN WOMEN?
*ANXIETY
*EATING DISORDERS
*PTSD
WHAT ARE ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES (ACE’S)?
TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES THAT OCCUR BEFORE THE AGE OF 18, THAT CAN HAVE LASTING IMPACTS ON MENTAL HEALTH, PHYSICAL HEALTH, AND GENERAL WELLBEING.
WHAT ARE THE 3 BROAD TYPES OF ACES?
*ABUSE
*NEGLECT
*HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION
WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF ACES UNDER THE HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION CATEGORY?
*MENTAL ILLNESS
*DIVORCE
*SUBSTANCE ABUSE
*INCARCERATED RELATIVE
WHAT IS THE DIATHESIS-STRESS MODEL?
THEORY SUGGESTING THAT HIGHER UNDERLYING VULNERABILITY AND LOW STRESS TOLDERANCE, MAKES MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS MORE LIKELY TO ARISE. WHILST FEWER ADVERSE EXPERIENCES AND MORE RESILIENCE REDUCE THE RISK.
WHAT IS EPIDEMIOLOGY?
THE STUDY OF HOW OFTEN AND WHY DISORDERS OCCUR IN A PARTICULAR POPULATION
WHAT IS PREVALANCE?
THE PROPORTION OF A POPULATION THAT IS EXPERIENCING A DISORDER AT A PARTICULAR TIME.
WHAT IS LIFE-TIME PREVALANCE?
THE PROPORTION OF A POPULATION THAT HAS EXPERIENCED A DISORDER AT SOME TIME IN THEIR LIVES.
WHAT IS INCIDENCE?
THE NUMBER OF NEW CASES OF A DISORDER WITHIN A PARTICULAR PERIOD OF TIME (USUALLY 1 YEAR)
WHAT ARE THE 5 P’S OF FORMULATION?
*PRESENTING PROBLEM
*PREDISPOSING FACTOR
*PRECIPITATING FACTOR
*PERPETUATING FACTOR
*PROTECTIVE FACTOR
WHAT IS A CLINICAL ASSESSMENT?
A SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION AND MEASUREMENT OF A PERSON’S PSYCHOLOGICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS.
WHAT ARE THE 4 DIFFERENT WAYS TO CLINICALLY ASSESS CLIENTS?
*INTERVIEWS
*OBSERVATIONS
*PSYCHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
*BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
WHAT SHOULD A CLINICIAN OBSERVE DURING A CLINICAL INTERVIEW?
*DRESS / APPEARANCE
*SPEECH
*AFFECT
*EYE CONTACT
*FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
*HEIGHTENED EMOTION MOMENTS
*COUNTERTRANSFERENCE
WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF A STRUCTURED INTERVIEW?
*COSTLY
*TIME CONSUMING
*INFORMATION CAN BE MISSED DUE TO POOR SELF-AWARENESS
*PRONE TO BIAS
