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DIAGNOSIS & FORMULATION > KEY TERMS & CONCEPTS > Flashcards

KEY TERMS & CONCEPTS Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS A MENTAL DISORDER, ACCORDING TO THE DSM?

A

A SYNDROME THAT IS CHARACTERISED BY CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT DISTURBANCE IN AN INDIVIDUALS CONGITION, EMOTION REGULATION, OR BEHAVIOUR.

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2
Q

WHAT DOES A MENTAL DISORDER REFLECT?

A

A DYSFUNCTION IN THE PSYCHOLOGICAL, BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PROCESSES UNDERLYING MENTAL FUNCTIONING.

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3
Q

WHAT DOES THE DEFINITION OF A MENTAL DISORDER NOT INCLUDE?

A

*CULUTRALLY APPROVED RESPONSED TO STRESSORS
*SOCIALLY DEVIANT BEHAVIOURS THAT IS PRIMARILY BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUIAL AND SOCIETY.

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4
Q

WHAT IS CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS?

A

REFERS TO THE PROCESS OF DETERMINING WHETHER THE PARTICULAR PROBLEM AFFECTING A PERSON MEETS ALL CRITERIA FOR A PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER AS SET OUT BY THE DSM OR ICD

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5
Q

WHAT ARE THE 2 CURRENT CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS IN USE?

A

*ICD
*DSM

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6
Q

WHAT DOES DSM STAND FOR?

A

DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS.

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7
Q

WHO DIAGNOSES PATIENTS WITH MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS?

A

PSYCHIATRIST

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8
Q

WHAT ARE THE ASSUMPTIONS OF CATEGORICAL SYSTEMS LIKE THE DSM?

A

*DIAGNOSES ARE MADE FROM OBSERVABLE SYMPTOMS
*THOUGHTS, FEELINGS, AND BEHAVIOURS CAN FIT INTO NEAT CATEGORIES
*ARE CLEAR BOUNDARIES BETWEEN DISORDERS

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9
Q

WHAT ARE SOME BENEFITS OF DIAGNOSES FOR SERVICE-USERS?

A

*INCREASED SENSE OF VALIDATION
*INCREASE ACCESS TO TREATMENT AND SERVICES
*AID THE SENSE OF NORMALISATION
*IDENTIFICATION WITH OTHERS

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10
Q

WHAT ARE SOME LIMITATIONS OF DIAGNOSES FOR SERVICE-USERS?

A

*LEAD TO DISCRIMINATION, SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND PREJUDICE
*CAN BE STIGMATISING
*REDUCE COMPLEXITY OF SUFFERING
*RESULT IN SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECIES

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11
Q

HOW DO DIAGNOSES HELP RESEARCHERS AND CLINICIANS?

A

*FACILIATE COMMUNICATION
*COLLECTION OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA
*AIDS DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE AND STANDARDISED TREATMENTS
*INFORM EVIDENCE-BASED CLINICAL PRACTICE

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12
Q

WHAT IS COMORBIDITY?

A

WHEN PEOPLE MEET CRITIERIA FOR MORE THAN ONE DIAGNOSIS SIMULTANEOSULY OR OVER TIME. THUS IT IS THE OVERLAPPING OF DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA.

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13
Q

WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A COMMON COMORBIDITY?

A

DEPRESSION AND GENERALISED ANXIETY DISORDER

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14
Q

WHAT CAN CAUSE COMORBIDITY?

A

*COMMON UNDERLYING PROCESSES
*ONE DISORDER CAUSALLY RELATES TO ANOTHER

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15
Q

WHAT IS CLINICAL FORMULATION?

A

FORMULATION CAN BE DEFINED AS THE PROCESS OF CO-CONSTRUCTING A HYPOTHESIS OR BEST-GUESS ABOUT THE ORIGINS OF A PERSON’S DIFFICULTIES IN TERMS OF THEIR CONTEXT.

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16
Q

WHAT ARE THE PURPOSES OF FORMULATION?

A

*TO SUMMARISE AND EXPLAIN THE CLIENT’S DIFFICULTIES
*GUIDE INTERVENTION

17
Q

WHAT IS THE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL?

A

A COMPLEX INTERPLAY BETWEEN BIOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS.

18
Q

WHAT IS TEMPERAMENT?

A

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN EMOTIONAL, MOTOR, AND ATTENTION REACTIVITY MEASURED BY LATENCY, INTENSITY, AND SELF-REGULATORY RESPONSES.

19
Q

WHAT MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS ARE MORE COMMON IN MEN?

A

*SUICIDE
*SUBSTANCE USE
*ROUGH SLEEPING

20
Q

WHAT MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS ARE MORE COMMON IN WOMEN?

A

*ANXIETY
*EATING DISORDERS
*PTSD

21
Q

WHAT ARE ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES (ACE’S)?

A

TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES THAT OCCUR BEFORE THE AGE OF 18, THAT CAN HAVE LASTING IMPACTS ON MENTAL HEALTH, PHYSICAL HEALTH, AND GENERAL WELLBEING.

22
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 BROAD TYPES OF ACES?

A

*ABUSE
*NEGLECT
*HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION

23
Q

WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF ACES UNDER THE HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION CATEGORY?

A

*MENTAL ILLNESS
*DIVORCE
*SUBSTANCE ABUSE
*INCARCERATED RELATIVE

24
Q

WHAT IS THE DIATHESIS-STRESS MODEL?

A

THEORY SUGGESTING THAT HIGHER UNDERLYING VULNERABILITY AND LOW STRESS TOLDERANCE, MAKES MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS MORE LIKELY TO ARISE. WHILST FEWER ADVERSE EXPERIENCES AND MORE RESILIENCE REDUCE THE RISK.

25
Q

WHAT IS EPIDEMIOLOGY?

A

THE STUDY OF HOW OFTEN AND WHY DISORDERS OCCUR IN A PARTICULAR POPULATION

26
Q

WHAT IS PREVALANCE?

A

THE PROPORTION OF A POPULATION THAT IS EXPERIENCING A DISORDER AT A PARTICULAR TIME.

27
Q

WHAT IS LIFE-TIME PREVALANCE?

A

THE PROPORTION OF A POPULATION THAT HAS EXPERIENCED A DISORDER AT SOME TIME IN THEIR LIVES.

28
Q

WHAT IS INCIDENCE?

A

THE NUMBER OF NEW CASES OF A DISORDER WITHIN A PARTICULAR PERIOD OF TIME (USUALLY 1 YEAR)

29
Q

WHAT ARE THE 5 P’S OF FORMULATION?

A

*PRESENTING PROBLEM
*PREDISPOSING FACTOR
*PRECIPITATING FACTOR
*PERPETUATING FACTOR
*PROTECTIVE FACTOR

30
Q

WHAT IS A CLINICAL ASSESSMENT?

A

A SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION AND MEASUREMENT OF A PERSON’S PSYCHOLOGICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS.

31
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 DIFFERENT WAYS TO CLINICALLY ASSESS CLIENTS?

A

*INTERVIEWS
*OBSERVATIONS
*PSYCHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
*BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

32
Q

WHAT SHOULD A CLINICIAN OBSERVE DURING A CLINICAL INTERVIEW?

A

*DRESS / APPEARANCE
*SPEECH
*AFFECT
*EYE CONTACT
*FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
*HEIGHTENED EMOTION MOMENTS
*COUNTERTRANSFERENCE

33
Q

WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF A STRUCTURED INTERVIEW?

A

*COSTLY
*TIME CONSUMING
*INFORMATION CAN BE MISSED DUE TO POOR SELF-AWARENESS
*PRONE TO BIAS

DIAGNOSIS & FORMULATION (8 decks)

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