PERSONALITY DISORDERS (WK 10&11) Flashcards
WHAT ARE THE BIG 5 PERSONALITY TRAITS?
*OPENNESS
*CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
*EXTROVERSION
*AGREEABLENESS
*NEUROTICISM
ACCORDING TO THE DSM-5, WHAT IS A PERSONALITY DISORDER?
AN ENDURING PATTERN OF INNER EXPERIENCE AND BEHAVIOUR THAT DEVIATES MARKEDLY FROM THE EXPECTATIONS OF THE INDIVIDUAL’S CULTURE.
WHAT ARE THE 4 AREAS IN WHICH A PERSONALITY DISORDER CAN BE MANIFESTED?
*COGNITION
*AFFECTIVELY
*INTERPERSONAL FUNCTIONING
*IMPULSE CONTROL
HOW DOES THE DSM-5 DIAGNOSE PERSONALITY DISORDERS?
THROUGH CATEGORIES WHICH ALLOW DISTINCT TYPES TO BE IDENTIFIED.
WHAT DOES THE ICD-11 SAY ABOUT PERSONALITY DISORDERS?
MOST EVIDENCE SUGGESTS PERSONALITY ABNORMALITY IS A SPECTRUM. THUS SEVERITY RATHER THAN TYPE PREDICTS OUTCOME.
WHAT DOES THE ICD-11 USE TO DIAGNOSE PERSONALITY DISORDERS?
DIMENSIONS
ACCORDING TO THE ICD-11, WHAT 2 PROBLEMS CHARACTERISE A PERSONALITY DISORDER?
1) FUNCTIONING ASPECTS OF THE SELF
2) INTERPERSONAL DYSFUNCTION
WHAT IS INTERPERSONAL DYSFUNCTION?
THE ABILITY TO DEVELOP AND MAINTAIN CLOSE AND MUTUALLY SATISFYING RELATIONSHIPS, AND AN ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND OTHER’S PERSPECTIVES.
WHAT ARE THE ICD-11 PERSONALITY DISORDER DIMENSIONS?
*DETACHMENT
*DISSOCIALITY
*DISINHIBITION
*OBSESSIONALITY
*BODERLINE PATTERN
ACCORDING TO THE ICD-11, HOW LONG MUST PERSONALITY DISORDER PROBLEMS PERSIST FOR IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE A DIAGNOSIS?
2 YEARS
WHAT ARE THE 3 DSM-5 PERSONALITY DISORDER CLUSTERS?
A) ODD/ECCENTRIC
B) DRAMATIC / EMOTIONAL
C) ANXIOUS / FEARFUL
WHAT ARE SOME CLUSTER A PERSONALITY DISORDERS?
*PARANOID
*SCHIZOTYPAL
*SCHIZOID
WHAT ARE SOME CLUSTER B PERSONALITY DISORDERS?
*ANTISOCIAL
*BORDERLINE
*NARCISSISTIC
*HISTRIONIC
WHAT ARE SOME CLUSTER C PERSONALITY DISORDERS?
*AVOIDANT
*DEPENDENT
*OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE
WHAT IS THE DSM-5 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER?
INDICATED BY 5 OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING:
*FRANTIC EFFORT TO AVOID ABANDONMENT
*INTENSE/UNSTABLE RELATIONSHIPS
*IDENTITY DISTURBANCE
*AFFECTIVE INSTABILITY
*REACTIVITY OF MOOD
*RECURRENT SUICIDALITY
“EMPTINESS
*INAPPROPRIATE ANGER
WHAT IS THE DSM-5 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER?
INDICATED BY 5 OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING:
*GRANDOISE
*PREOCCUPIED WITH FANATASIES OF UNLIMTIED SUCCESS
*BELEIVES THEMSELF TO BE SPECIAL
*SENSE OF ENTITLEMENT
*ENVIOUS OF OTHERS
*EXPLOITATIVE
*REQUIRES EXCESSIVE ADMIRATION
WHAT PERVASIVE PATTERN DOES A NARCISSTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER HAVE?
ONE OF GRANDIOSITY, NEED FOR ADMIRATION, AND A LACK OF EMPATHY.
WHAT PERVASIVE PATTERN DOES BODERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER HAVE?
ONE OF INSTABILITY IN INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS, SELF-IMAGE, AND EMOTION. AS WELL AS MARKED IMPULSIVITY.
WHAT PERVASIVE PATTERN DOES AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDER HAVE?
A WIDESPREAD PATTERN OF INHIBITION AROUND PEOPLE, FEELING INADEQUATE, AND BEING SENSITIVE TO NEGATIVE EVALUATION.
WHAT IS THE DSM-5 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDER?
INDICATED BY 5 OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING:
*AVOIDS OCCUPATIONAL ACTIVITES
*UNWILLING TO GET INVOLVED WITH OTHERS UNLESS CERTAIN OF BEING LIKED
*FEAR OF CRITICISM/REJECTION
*VIEWS SELF AS SOCIALLY INEPT AND INFERIOR
*RELUCTANT TO TAKE PERSONAL RISKS
*FEELINGS OF INADEQUANCTY
*SHOWS RESTRAINT WITH INTIMACY
WHAT IS THE PERVASIVE PATTERN IN DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER?
A PATTERN ON PERVASIVE AND EXCESSIVE NEED TO BE TAKEN CARE OF, WHICH LEADS TO SUBMISSIVE AND CLINGY BEHAVIOUR AND FEARS OF SEPERATION.
WHAT IS THE DSM-5 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER?
INDICATED BY 5 OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING:
*DIFFICULTY MAKING DECISIONS WITHOUT REASSURANCE
*NEEDS OTHERS TO ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY
*DIFFICULTY EXPRESSING DISAGREEMENT
*TROUBLE INITIATING PROJECTS
*FEELS HELPLESS WHEN ALONE.
*GOES TO EXCESSIVE LENGTHS TO OBTAIN NURTURANCE
WHAT IS THE GLOBAL PREVALANCE OF ALL PERSONALITY DISORDERS?
7.8%
WHAT IS THE PREVALANCE PERCENTAGE OF CLUSTER A?
3.8%
WHAT IS THE PREVALANCE PERCENTAGE OF CLUSTER B?
2.8%
WHAT IS THE PREVALENCE PERCENTAGE OF CLUSTER C?
5%
WHAT PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE WITH A PERSONALITY DISORDER ALSO HAVE ANOTHER MENTAL HEALTH DIAGNOSIS?
66% TO 97%
WHAT DIAGNOSIS IS MOST COMMONLY PRESENTED ALONGISDE CLUSTER A PERSONALITY DISORDERS?
PSYCHOSIS
WHAT DIAGNOSIS IS MOST COMMONLY PRESENTED ALONGISDE CLUSTER B PERSONALITY DISORDERS?
*SUBSTANCE MISUSE
*PTSD
WHAT DIAGNOSIS IS MOST COMMONLY PRESENTED ALONGISDE CLUSTER C PERSONALITY DISORDERS?
*DEPRESSION
*ANXIETY
*SOMATIC SYMPTOM DISORDERS
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BORDERLINE AND NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDERS?
*BORDERLINE HAS MORE INSTABILITY
*NARCISSISTIC HAS A LACK OF EMPATHY
WHAT IS THE KEY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HISTRONIC AND NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER?
HISTRONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER HAS LESS GRANDIOSE VIEW OF THE SELF.
ARE THERE GENETIC FACTORS IN BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDERS?
YES, FAMILY STUDIES SHOW A 20X INCREASE IN RATES IN FIRST DEGREE RELATIVES.
WHAT CONCORDANCE RATES DO TWIN STUDIES SHOW FOR BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER?
42% TO 69%
WHAT HERITABILITY PERCENTAGE DO TWIN STUDIES SHOW FOR NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER?
24%
WHAT HERITABILITY PERCENTAGE FOR AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDERS?
64%
WHICH BRAIN AREA SHOWS DIFFERENCES IN THOSE WITH A PERSONALITY DISORDER?
AMYGDALA
WHAT ARE THE NEUROLOGICAL DIFFICULTIES FACES BY THOSE WITH A PERSONALITY DISORDER?
*EMOTION REGULATION
*IMPULSIVITY
*INTERPERSONAL SENSITIVITY
WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ABUSE AND ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER?
POSITIVE INDEPENDENT RELATIONSHIP
WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL ABUSE AND CLUSTER C PERSONALITY DISORDERS?
POSITIVE INDEPENDENT RELATIONSHIP
WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATERNAL NEGLECT AND CLUSTER A PERSONALITY DISORDERS?
POSITIVE INDEPENDENT RELATIONSHIP
WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEXUAL ABUSE AND BODERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER?
NO INDEPENDENT RELATIONSHIP
WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL ABUSE AND NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER?
NO INDEPENDENT RELATIONSHIP
WHAT IS THE ASSOICATION BETWEEN PHYSICAL ABUSE AND NARCISSIST / PARANOID TRAITS?
POSITIVE ASSOICATION
WHAT IS THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PHYSICAL ABUSE AND CLUSTER C PERSONALITY DISORDERS?
NEGATIVE ASSOCIATION
WHAT KEY THEORY FORMS PART OF THE PSYCHODYNAMIC EXPLANATION TO PERSONALITY DISORDERS?
OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY
WHAT DOES OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY PROPOSE IN TERMS OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS?
HEALTHY PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT DEPENDS ON INTERGRATING OTHERS AND SELF AS BOTH GOOD AND BAD.
HOW DOES OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY RELATE TO NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER?
*BAD SELF IS DENIED.
*BADNESS IS PROJECTED ONTO OTHERS IN ATTEMPT TO MAINTAIN VIEW OF SELF AS GOOD.
*IN FACE OF CRITICISM, DEFENCES EASILY BREAK DOWN CAUSING A FLOOD OF EMOTIONS (NARCISSISTIC RAGE)
HOW DOES OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY RELATE TO BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER?
*SPLITTING IS USED TO KEEP THE GOOD AND BAD SEPARATE.
*THE SELF IS GOOD UNTIL THE PERSON FAILS, BY WHICH THEY BECOME BAD.
*OTHERS ARE VIEWED IN THE SAME WAY
WHAT THERAPY USES AN OBJECT RELATIONS APPROACH?
COGNITIVE ANALYTIC THERAPY
WHAT IS COGNITIVE ANALYTIC THERAPY?
WHEN YOU INTERNALISE AND ACT OUT WAYS OF RELATING TO PEOPLE, BASED ON HOW YOUR PARENTS RELATED TO YOU.
WHAT DIAGRAM IS USED WITHIN COGNITIVE ANALYTIC THERAPY?
BROKEN EGG DIAGRAM.
WHAT ATTACHMENT STYLE IS LINKED TO NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER?
DISMISSIVE
WHAT IS A DISMISSIVE ATTACHMENT STYLE?
ONE CHARACTERISED BY THE AVOIDING OF VULNERABILITY, INTIMACY AND CLOSENESS.
WHAT ATTACHMENT STYLE IS LINKED TO BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER?
PREOCCUPIED
WHAT IS A PREOCCUPIED ATTACHMENT STYLE?
ONE CHARACTERIZED BY A STRONG DESIRE FOR CLOSENESS COUPLED WITH A CONSTANT FEAR OF REJECTION OR ABANDONMENT.
WHAT DO BEHAVIOURISTS ARGUE ABOUT PERSONALITY DISORDERS?
THEY CAN BE EXPLAINED BY ENDURING PATTERNS OF REINFORCEMENT AND CAN CHANGE IF REINFORCEMENT CHANGE.
WHY ARE BEHAVIOURISTS RESISTANT TO PERSONALITY DISORDER DIAGNOSES?
BECAUSE THEY ARE RESISTANT TO THE IDEA OF PERSONALITY.
ACCORDING TO BEHAVIOURISM, WHAT ARE THE 2 MOST POWERFUL REINFORCERS?
1) SOCIAL ATTENTION
2) ESCAPE / AVOIDANCE
WHAT DOES THE COGNITIVE MODEL ARGUE ABOUT PERSONALITY DISORDERS?
THERE IS A KEY ROLE OF SCHEMAS AND THAT THE COMBINATION OF BIOLOGICAL PREDISPOSITION AND ADVERSE EVENTS LEADS TO NEGATIVE CORE BELIEFS.
WHO CONDUCTED THE EARLY MALADAPTIVE SCHEMA RESEARCH?
YOUNG IN 2012
WHAT DID THE EARLY MALADAPTIVE SCHEMAS RESEARCH PROPOSE?
THAT THERE ARE 5 CORE CHILDHOOD NEEDS;
1)SECURE ATTACHMENT
2)AUTONOMY
3)FREEDOM TO EXPRESS VALID NEEDS AND EMOTIONS
4)SELF CONTROL
5)SPONTANEITY AND PLAY
WHAT HAPPENS IF THE 5 CORE CHILDHOOD NEEDS ARE NOT SUCCESSFULLY MET?
1) DISCONNECTION AND REJECTION
2) IMAPIRED AUTONOMY AND PERFORMANCE
3) IMPAIRED LIMITEDS
4) OTHER DIRECTEDNESS
5) OVERVIGILANCE AND INBHIBITION
WHAT DOES THE SYSTEMIC / FAMILY MODEL ARGUE ABOUT PERSONALITY DISORDERS?
HIGH RATES OF FAMILY MEMBERS WITH THE SAME DISORDERS SUGGESTS:
A) IMPAIRED PARENTING
B) MODELLING
