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DIAGNOSIS & FORMULATION > PERSONALITY DISORDERS (WK 10&11) > Flashcards

PERSONALITY DISORDERS (WK 10&11) Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT ARE THE BIG 5 PERSONALITY TRAITS?

A

*OPENNESS
*CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
*EXTROVERSION
*AGREEABLENESS
*NEUROTICISM

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2
Q

ACCORDING TO THE DSM-5, WHAT IS A PERSONALITY DISORDER?

A

AN ENDURING PATTERN OF INNER EXPERIENCE AND BEHAVIOUR THAT DEVIATES MARKEDLY FROM THE EXPECTATIONS OF THE INDIVIDUAL’S CULTURE.

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3
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 AREAS IN WHICH A PERSONALITY DISORDER CAN BE MANIFESTED?

A

*COGNITION
*AFFECTIVELY
*INTERPERSONAL FUNCTIONING
*IMPULSE CONTROL

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4
Q

HOW DOES THE DSM-5 DIAGNOSE PERSONALITY DISORDERS?

A

THROUGH CATEGORIES WHICH ALLOW DISTINCT TYPES TO BE IDENTIFIED.

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5
Q

WHAT DOES THE ICD-11 SAY ABOUT PERSONALITY DISORDERS?

A

MOST EVIDENCE SUGGESTS PERSONALITY ABNORMALITY IS A SPECTRUM. THUS SEVERITY RATHER THAN TYPE PREDICTS OUTCOME.

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6
Q

WHAT DOES THE ICD-11 USE TO DIAGNOSE PERSONALITY DISORDERS?

A

DIMENSIONS

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7
Q

ACCORDING TO THE ICD-11, WHAT 2 PROBLEMS CHARACTERISE A PERSONALITY DISORDER?

A

1) FUNCTIONING ASPECTS OF THE SELF
2) INTERPERSONAL DYSFUNCTION

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8
Q

WHAT IS INTERPERSONAL DYSFUNCTION?

A

THE ABILITY TO DEVELOP AND MAINTAIN CLOSE AND MUTUALLY SATISFYING RELATIONSHIPS, AND AN ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND OTHER’S PERSPECTIVES.

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9
Q

WHAT ARE THE ICD-11 PERSONALITY DISORDER DIMENSIONS?

A

*DETACHMENT
*DISSOCIALITY
*DISINHIBITION
*OBSESSIONALITY
*BODERLINE PATTERN

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10
Q

ACCORDING TO THE ICD-11, HOW LONG MUST PERSONALITY DISORDER PROBLEMS PERSIST FOR IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE A DIAGNOSIS?

A

2 YEARS

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11
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 DSM-5 PERSONALITY DISORDER CLUSTERS?

A

A) ODD/ECCENTRIC
B) DRAMATIC / EMOTIONAL
C) ANXIOUS / FEARFUL

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12
Q

WHAT ARE SOME CLUSTER A PERSONALITY DISORDERS?

A

*PARANOID
*SCHIZOTYPAL
*SCHIZOID

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13
Q

WHAT ARE SOME CLUSTER B PERSONALITY DISORDERS?

A

*ANTISOCIAL
*BORDERLINE
*NARCISSISTIC
*HISTRIONIC

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14
Q

WHAT ARE SOME CLUSTER C PERSONALITY DISORDERS?

A

*AVOIDANT
*DEPENDENT
*OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE

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15
Q

WHAT IS THE DSM-5 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER?

A

INDICATED BY 5 OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING:
*FRANTIC EFFORT TO AVOID ABANDONMENT
*INTENSE/UNSTABLE RELATIONSHIPS
*IDENTITY DISTURBANCE
*AFFECTIVE INSTABILITY
*REACTIVITY OF MOOD
*RECURRENT SUICIDALITY
“EMPTINESS
*INAPPROPRIATE ANGER

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16
Q

WHAT IS THE DSM-5 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER?

A

INDICATED BY 5 OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING:
*GRANDOISE
*PREOCCUPIED WITH FANATASIES OF UNLIMTIED SUCCESS
*BELEIVES THEMSELF TO BE SPECIAL
*SENSE OF ENTITLEMENT
*ENVIOUS OF OTHERS
*EXPLOITATIVE
*REQUIRES EXCESSIVE ADMIRATION

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17
Q

WHAT PERVASIVE PATTERN DOES A NARCISSTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER HAVE?

A

ONE OF GRANDIOSITY, NEED FOR ADMIRATION, AND A LACK OF EMPATHY.

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18
Q

WHAT PERVASIVE PATTERN DOES BODERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER HAVE?

A

ONE OF INSTABILITY IN INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS, SELF-IMAGE, AND EMOTION. AS WELL AS MARKED IMPULSIVITY.

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19
Q

WHAT PERVASIVE PATTERN DOES AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDER HAVE?

A

A WIDESPREAD PATTERN OF INHIBITION AROUND PEOPLE, FEELING INADEQUATE, AND BEING SENSITIVE TO NEGATIVE EVALUATION.

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20
Q

WHAT IS THE DSM-5 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDER?

A

INDICATED BY 5 OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING:
*AVOIDS OCCUPATIONAL ACTIVITES
*UNWILLING TO GET INVOLVED WITH OTHERS UNLESS CERTAIN OF BEING LIKED
*FEAR OF CRITICISM/REJECTION
*VIEWS SELF AS SOCIALLY INEPT AND INFERIOR
*RELUCTANT TO TAKE PERSONAL RISKS
*FEELINGS OF INADEQUANCTY
*SHOWS RESTRAINT WITH INTIMACY

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21
Q

WHAT IS THE PERVASIVE PATTERN IN DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER?

A

A PATTERN ON PERVASIVE AND EXCESSIVE NEED TO BE TAKEN CARE OF, WHICH LEADS TO SUBMISSIVE AND CLINGY BEHAVIOUR AND FEARS OF SEPERATION.

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22
Q

WHAT IS THE DSM-5 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER?

A

INDICATED BY 5 OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING:
*DIFFICULTY MAKING DECISIONS WITHOUT REASSURANCE
*NEEDS OTHERS TO ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY
*DIFFICULTY EXPRESSING DISAGREEMENT
*TROUBLE INITIATING PROJECTS
*FEELS HELPLESS WHEN ALONE.
*GOES TO EXCESSIVE LENGTHS TO OBTAIN NURTURANCE

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23
Q

WHAT IS THE GLOBAL PREVALANCE OF ALL PERSONALITY DISORDERS?

A

7.8%

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24
Q

WHAT IS THE PREVALANCE PERCENTAGE OF CLUSTER A?

A

3.8%

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25
Q

WHAT IS THE PREVALANCE PERCENTAGE OF CLUSTER B?

A

2.8%

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26
Q

WHAT IS THE PREVALENCE PERCENTAGE OF CLUSTER C?

A

5%

27
Q

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE WITH A PERSONALITY DISORDER ALSO HAVE ANOTHER MENTAL HEALTH DIAGNOSIS?

A

66% TO 97%

28
Q

WHAT DIAGNOSIS IS MOST COMMONLY PRESENTED ALONGISDE CLUSTER A PERSONALITY DISORDERS?

A

PSYCHOSIS

29
Q

WHAT DIAGNOSIS IS MOST COMMONLY PRESENTED ALONGISDE CLUSTER B PERSONALITY DISORDERS?

A

*SUBSTANCE MISUSE
*PTSD

30
Q

WHAT DIAGNOSIS IS MOST COMMONLY PRESENTED ALONGISDE CLUSTER C PERSONALITY DISORDERS?

A

*DEPRESSION
*ANXIETY
*SOMATIC SYMPTOM DISORDERS

31
Q

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BORDERLINE AND NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDERS?

A

*BORDERLINE HAS MORE INSTABILITY
*NARCISSISTIC HAS A LACK OF EMPATHY

32
Q

WHAT IS THE KEY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HISTRONIC AND NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER?

A

HISTRONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER HAS LESS GRANDIOSE VIEW OF THE SELF.

33
Q

ARE THERE GENETIC FACTORS IN BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDERS?

A

YES, FAMILY STUDIES SHOW A 20X INCREASE IN RATES IN FIRST DEGREE RELATIVES.

34
Q

WHAT CONCORDANCE RATES DO TWIN STUDIES SHOW FOR BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER?

A

42% TO 69%

35
Q

WHAT HERITABILITY PERCENTAGE DO TWIN STUDIES SHOW FOR NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER?

A

24%

36
Q

WHAT HERITABILITY PERCENTAGE FOR AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDERS?

A

64%

37
Q

WHICH BRAIN AREA SHOWS DIFFERENCES IN THOSE WITH A PERSONALITY DISORDER?

A

AMYGDALA

38
Q

WHAT ARE THE NEUROLOGICAL DIFFICULTIES FACES BY THOSE WITH A PERSONALITY DISORDER?

A

*EMOTION REGULATION
*IMPULSIVITY
*INTERPERSONAL SENSITIVITY

39
Q

WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ABUSE AND ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER?

A

POSITIVE INDEPENDENT RELATIONSHIP

40
Q

WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL ABUSE AND CLUSTER C PERSONALITY DISORDERS?

A

POSITIVE INDEPENDENT RELATIONSHIP

41
Q

WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATERNAL NEGLECT AND CLUSTER A PERSONALITY DISORDERS?

A

POSITIVE INDEPENDENT RELATIONSHIP

42
Q

WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEXUAL ABUSE AND BODERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER?

A

NO INDEPENDENT RELATIONSHIP

43
Q

WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL ABUSE AND NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER?

A

NO INDEPENDENT RELATIONSHIP

44
Q

WHAT IS THE ASSOICATION BETWEEN PHYSICAL ABUSE AND NARCISSIST / PARANOID TRAITS?

A

POSITIVE ASSOICATION

45
Q

WHAT IS THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PHYSICAL ABUSE AND CLUSTER C PERSONALITY DISORDERS?

A

NEGATIVE ASSOCIATION

46
Q

WHAT KEY THEORY FORMS PART OF THE PSYCHODYNAMIC EXPLANATION TO PERSONALITY DISORDERS?

A

OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY

47
Q

WHAT DOES OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY PROPOSE IN TERMS OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS?

A

HEALTHY PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT DEPENDS ON INTERGRATING OTHERS AND SELF AS BOTH GOOD AND BAD.

48
Q

HOW DOES OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY RELATE TO NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER?

A

*BAD SELF IS DENIED.
*BADNESS IS PROJECTED ONTO OTHERS IN ATTEMPT TO MAINTAIN VIEW OF SELF AS GOOD.
*IN FACE OF CRITICISM, DEFENCES EASILY BREAK DOWN CAUSING A FLOOD OF EMOTIONS (NARCISSISTIC RAGE)

49
Q

HOW DOES OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY RELATE TO BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER?

A

*SPLITTING IS USED TO KEEP THE GOOD AND BAD SEPARATE.
*THE SELF IS GOOD UNTIL THE PERSON FAILS, BY WHICH THEY BECOME BAD.
*OTHERS ARE VIEWED IN THE SAME WAY

50
Q

WHAT THERAPY USES AN OBJECT RELATIONS APPROACH?

A

COGNITIVE ANALYTIC THERAPY

51
Q

WHAT IS COGNITIVE ANALYTIC THERAPY?

A

WHEN YOU INTERNALISE AND ACT OUT WAYS OF RELATING TO PEOPLE, BASED ON HOW YOUR PARENTS RELATED TO YOU.

52
Q

WHAT DIAGRAM IS USED WITHIN COGNITIVE ANALYTIC THERAPY?

A

BROKEN EGG DIAGRAM.

53
Q

WHAT ATTACHMENT STYLE IS LINKED TO NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER?

A

DISMISSIVE

54
Q

WHAT IS A DISMISSIVE ATTACHMENT STYLE?

A

ONE CHARACTERISED BY THE AVOIDING OF VULNERABILITY, INTIMACY AND CLOSENESS.

55
Q

WHAT ATTACHMENT STYLE IS LINKED TO BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER?

A

PREOCCUPIED

56
Q

WHAT IS A PREOCCUPIED ATTACHMENT STYLE?

A

ONE CHARACTERIZED BY A STRONG DESIRE FOR CLOSENESS COUPLED WITH A CONSTANT FEAR OF REJECTION OR ABANDONMENT.

57
Q

WHAT DO BEHAVIOURISTS ARGUE ABOUT PERSONALITY DISORDERS?

A

THEY CAN BE EXPLAINED BY ENDURING PATTERNS OF REINFORCEMENT AND CAN CHANGE IF REINFORCEMENT CHANGE.

58
Q

WHY ARE BEHAVIOURISTS RESISTANT TO PERSONALITY DISORDER DIAGNOSES?

A

BECAUSE THEY ARE RESISTANT TO THE IDEA OF PERSONALITY.

59
Q

ACCORDING TO BEHAVIOURISM, WHAT ARE THE 2 MOST POWERFUL REINFORCERS?

A

1) SOCIAL ATTENTION
2) ESCAPE / AVOIDANCE

60
Q

WHAT DOES THE COGNITIVE MODEL ARGUE ABOUT PERSONALITY DISORDERS?

A

THERE IS A KEY ROLE OF SCHEMAS AND THAT THE COMBINATION OF BIOLOGICAL PREDISPOSITION AND ADVERSE EVENTS LEADS TO NEGATIVE CORE BELIEFS.

61
Q

WHO CONDUCTED THE EARLY MALADAPTIVE SCHEMA RESEARCH?

A

YOUNG IN 2012

62
Q

WHAT DID THE EARLY MALADAPTIVE SCHEMAS RESEARCH PROPOSE?

A

THAT THERE ARE 5 CORE CHILDHOOD NEEDS;
1)SECURE ATTACHMENT
2)AUTONOMY
3)FREEDOM TO EXPRESS VALID NEEDS AND EMOTIONS
4)SELF CONTROL
5)SPONTANEITY AND PLAY

63
Q

WHAT HAPPENS IF THE 5 CORE CHILDHOOD NEEDS ARE NOT SUCCESSFULLY MET?

A

1) DISCONNECTION AND REJECTION
2) IMAPIRED AUTONOMY AND PERFORMANCE
3) IMPAIRED LIMITEDS
4) OTHER DIRECTEDNESS
5) OVERVIGILANCE AND INBHIBITION

64
Q

WHAT DOES THE SYSTEMIC / FAMILY MODEL ARGUE ABOUT PERSONALITY DISORDERS?

A

HIGH RATES OF FAMILY MEMBERS WITH THE SAME DISORDERS SUGGESTS:
A) IMPAIRED PARENTING
B) MODELLING

DIAGNOSIS & FORMULATION (8 decks)

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