psychosexual development (pt.3)

Question 1

sexual attitudes in canada

Answer 1

• now accepting of premarital sex
• 1975 = 68%
• 1980 = 74%
• 1990 = 80%
• 1995 = 90% of 18-24 yr olds
• 1995 = 60% of 55+

Question 2

sexual attitudes (gender)

Answer 2

• little gender diff in attitudes of teens (82% approve)
• gender diff with causal sex (77% M, 51% W approve)
• not all accepting affectionate sex (attending weekly religious service - 41% v. 86% W)

Question 3

Bibby: canadian ados

Answer 3

• “petting” (sexual contect from neck down):
• okay on 1st date (28%)
• after a few dates (84%)
• intercourse:
• 1st date (11% in average, but 19% M v. 3% W)
• after a few dates (53% on average, but 70% M v. 36% W)

Question 4

Queen’s canada youth and aids study (king et al)

Answer 4

• 75% of grade 11s and college/uni, sex before marriage ok if “in love”
• ## sex without love (not satisfying) = 58% W, 42% M

Question 5

promiscuity

Answer 5

• definition has changed over time
• 1950s, W who engaged in permarital sex (not fiance)
• now, W having multiple partners without commitment
• readings (double standard and highly sexed W)
• friends and acquaintance hudge W more harshly than M as # of partners rise: real-world assessment

Question 6

-‘ve reputation, parents

Answer 6

• many young W worried about it
• less so for M (real man or stud)
• 4 young W reported feeling sexual shame with having casual sex [cs], even in sexual liberal sweden ([cs] less shamefule than sexual inactivity, concern for reputation if publicly declared, M’s subsequent disrespectful manner)
• ados worry about parents finding out (86% W, 68% M)
• ados worry about parents (33% W but 13% M)

Question 7

sexual behaviour over the yrs

Answer 7

• change for penile/vaginal intercourse
• 1979: 4 canadian uni’s (63% W and 73% M)
• 1975-1982, stable for uni students until the rise in 1988
• 1975: 55% W, 64% M
• 1982: 52% W, 60% M
• 1988: 73% W, 77% M
• almost 1/2 of 1st yr having PV intercourse “often”

Question 8

sexual active teens in 2008 study

Answer 8

• 89% of G and 80% of B had P/V
• 68% of G and 67% of B had oral sex
• 32% of G and 44% of B had sex without emotional attachment
• mean age at 1st intercourse and 1st oral sex = 15
• 86% G attracted only to B
• 87% B attracted only to G

Question 9

europe teens in 2010-2018

Answer 9

• 15 yr olds
• sig higher % for B vs. G in 59% of countries

Question 10

comparison from 1976-2016 americans

Answer 10

• fewer american teens are having now
• # of sexual partners has increased
• sexually active G, 204 lifetime partners and B 2.7
• 2001, 22% of ados M in canada had 2 or more partners during surrent yr compared to only 13% for W
• 1988 of students having coitus (71%) only 36% of W and 23% M had only 1 partner
• 47% W and 65% M, 3 or more partners
• 1982, 19% W and 32% M or 4 or more partners (only 1 partner: 53% W and 36% M)

Question 11

p-v intercourse increases with age

Answer 11

• calgary 1980 - 24% of 14 yr olds and 66% of 18 yr olds had p-v intercourse
• slightly higher % for M and W
• 17% of G and 23% of B sexually active at age 15
• 47% of G and 42% of B sexually active at age 17
• W who had p-v intercourse at early age v. later
• more experimental, masturbation more often, more likely to combine sex and pot, more likely to have extramarital intercourse after marriage

Question 12

culture, backgrounds, immigrants

Answer 12

• engage in p-v intercourse for the 1st time at young ages compared to canadian born 30 earlier
• immigrants to canada, later ages (17 yrs)
• immigrants (20-24 yrs), 41% M and 18% W v. cdn-born 60% M and 58% W
• ehtno-cultural backgrounds:
• UBC 1996, fewer asian women (36%) compared to non-asian (69%) had coitus

Question 13

sexual behaviour: women

Answer 13

• women = gatekeepers
• experience predictive of college couple’s likelihood of having p-v intercourse
• experienced W not having p-v - 0%
• inexperienced W not having p-v - 33%
• sask. 1st time: own home, partner’s home, car
• toronto: for G, most often in bf’s house (60%), in her house (15%)
• fear of getting caught by HER parents

Question 14

inaccurate idea of extent of premarital sexual activity among peer group

Answer 14

• non-virgins give higher estimates than virgins
• young people associstaed with others who have similar sexual experiences
• G over estimate B’s sexual experience
• B under estimate G
• teens estimate that 20% of 12-14 yr olds, 40% of 15-16 yr olds and 66% of 17-18 yr olds sexually active

Question 15

fellatio, cunnilingus, uni W

Answer 15

• fellatio: almost all Bs found getting is pleasureable
• cunnilingus: Gs more often uneasy about receiving (issue of what vulvae are suppose to look like)
• uni W: 61% performed, 68% received (infrequent, 39% W > once a week in last month), those who had experienced intercourse (97%) (virgin 33%), among virgin W, more had received than had given oral sex but only 19% felt guilty about it

Question 16

oral sex, anal intercourse

Answer 16

• queen’s study of 1st yr uni students - 64% W an 68% M had oral sex
• queen’s study of uni aged had intercourse at least once: students (16% W, 14% M), dropouts (20% W, 15% M)
• frappier study: 68% of 14-17 yr old sexually active engaged in oral sex
• USA: 43% M and 37% W lifetime rate for anal

Question 17

o’sullivan, 2015 study

Answer 17

• canadian
• higher level of texting mediated both oral sex and p-v intercourse over time, adjusted for age
• moderated by parental closeness (more -> less)
• may reflect inter-activeness of texting or wider access to opportunities with the tech
• non consensual and pressured sexting among 14-17 yr olds, assoication with depression, non suicidal self harm, subjective health complaints as well as sexual risk behaviours (stronger for girls, ethnic minorities, sexual minoritites)

Question 18

p-v intercourse extension of dating relatonships

Answer 18

• M emphasize sexual rather than relationship reasons
• W relationship reasons first, sex drive second
• younger G engage in p-v intercourse because of pressure from B (fear of breaking off relationships)
• virginity a burden for some (especially if all your friends have “lost” it)

Question 19

Komlenac er al (2022)
virginity

Answer 19

• different standards depending on partner’s gender
• more inclusive definition of VL allows M to lose it more easily (important for self definition)
• narrower definition for W (remain a technical virgin)
• having genitals orally stimulated, having anus stimulated with a sex toy, or having genitals stimulated by hand (more perceived as VL than stiimulating a partner’s gentials in those ways) (“getting” more likely seen as VL than “giving”)
• however, close physical partnered behaviour like penile-anal is VL if M receptive compared to W
• p-v most agreed
• non-hetero-identified young adults include larger range of close physical partnered behaviours as VL than do hetero-identified young adults

Question 20

technical virgins

Answer 20

• avoid p-v for moral reasons or out of fear of pregnancy, but engage in other sexual acts (manual or oral or anal to orgasm)
• some sex experts advocate this; relieve sexual tension, learn about each other’s response patterns, for those not capable of using birth control

Question 21

teen pregancy

Answer 21

• tendency to keep baby, but there are implications
• consequences for completing school and getting well paying jobs
• implicationd for child (seldom sufficient support for teen mother like poverty)
• teens tend to keep or abort rather than give up for adoption
• US, 15-19: < 10% adopt out, 36% abort, 14% miscarry