Conception/Pregnancy/childbirth Flashcards
1
Q
Conception
women (takes to get pregant, who, chance)
A
- fertile and sexually active person with a uterus
- takes a person an average of 5.3 months to get pregnant
- 21% chance of pregnancy with a single act of intercourse
- some get pregnant after the 1st time (often young)
2
Q
conception
male (journey, movement, last in ovulation and uterus)
A
- journey of sperm is torturous
- 300-500 million in ejaculation
- ~2,000 get to the fallopian tube with the ovum
- ~50 get to the ovum
- sperm move against the flow at 1-2cm/hr (egg moves by cilia with the flow @ 3-4 days)
- conception within 24 hr of ovulation (egg is viable for ~24 hr)(sperm is viable for ~48 hr and up to 6 days)
3
Q
conception
males (fertilization, more than one sperm)
A
- once fertilized, the wall of ovum becomes impervious
- more than 1 sperm enters and it causes a spontaneous abortion (might not even know it happened)
4
Q
what might lead a W to think that she’s pregnant?
(7)
A
- most = feelings of fatigue and drowsiness
- some = sense of heightened well-bring
- missed period (sometimes)
- breast tenderness
- urination
- elevated temperture for several weeks
- bowel movements
- vaginal secretions
5
Q
missed signs that a W is pregant
2
A
- missed period = vigerous excerise pr excess body fat, illness, emotion
- presence of vaginal discharge does not rule it out (spotting with 20% of W)
6
Q
“morning sickness”
(7)
A
- 1st 6-8 weeks
- queasy sensation upon awaking
- aversion to food or odours of certian food (nausea with or without vomiting)
- some = only in evening
- 1:4 have no morning sickness
- 1:200 have severe vomiting (hospitalization required)
- hormone shift causes the nausea
7
Q
chadwick’s sign
2
A
- 6-8 weeks
- purplish vagina and cervix (the blood gets centered to the baby)
8
Q
Hegar’s sign
2
A
- by 6 weeks
- soft area between cervix and uterus by a month after missing period
9
Q
false pregnancy
2
A
- intense desire of having a kid
- physical symptoms (no period, morning sickness, breast tenderness, fullness in pelvis, sensation of fetal movement)
10
Q
Early Pregnancy Factor
A
- possible within 48 hours
- found in blood test
- rosette inhibition assay
- expensive and time consuming
11
Q
Human Chorionic Gonadopin
3
A
- basic one
- radioimmunoassay (near perfect in 7 days)
- standard test involve urine (7-12 days) and blood (6-8 days after the missed period)
12
Q
first response home kit
5
A
- detect hCG in urine
- as early as 7 days after fertilization
- more reliable if after expected date of menses
- 3% false +’ve
- 20% false -‘ve
13
Q
what are the absolute confirmation things and why do we need to know them?
(3)(2)
A
- fetal heartbeat (early as 9 weeks, but reliable by 12)
- fetal skeleton (ultrasound after 16 weeks)
- fetal movement (after 16 weeks)
- adverse effects of fetus
- avoid drugs, alcohol, birth control pills
14
Q
Which of the following would provide the earlist indication that there is a pregnancy? (missed period, morning sickness, Hegar’s sign, presense of hCG)
A
- presence of hCG
15
Q
Midwife
assisting, docs, legalized, modern
A
- women assisting other women in child birth
- taken over by docs in 19th century
- modern midwife = natural birth, inform, identify if they need the hospital
- legalized in BC in 1993
16
Q
true labour
3
A
- sporadic contractions of uterus
- baby drops (3-4 weeks) before true labour in 1st time mothers
- softening and dialation of cervix (2 weeks)
17
Q
true labour
6
A
- regular and rythmic uterine contractions
- dilates cervix
- delivery of baby, placenta, and fetal membranes
- fetus, not mother, triggers labour
- fetus’ adrenal gland produces hormones (placenta and uterus)(prostaglandins)
- mother’s posterior pituitary gland releases hormone oxytocin in late stages of labour (more powerful contraction)(fetus expelled from uterus)
18
Q
prostaglandins
2
A
- contractions that start longer, then get shorter (closer together)
- stimulus that gets uterus to contract
19
Q
labour stage 1
3
A
- 1st contraction until cervix is fully dilated (10cm/4in)
- longest is typically 15 hr for 1st and 8 hr after that
- 15-20 min apart initally (closer and more intense later)
20
Q
labour stage 2
5
A
- full dilation of cervix until delivery of baby
- few min/several hours for difficult ones
- fetal membrane ruptures and amniotic fluid gushes out
- umbilical cord cut after breathing starts
- fluid in the mouth that needs to be sucked out for baby to breathe
21
Q
labour stage 3
6
A
- placenta seperates and is discharged with fetal membranes: after-birth
- uterus contracts and usually some bleeding
- few min to an hour
- examine baby and mother (drops in baby’s eyes)
- perineum may have torn (repair it or episiotomy incision)
- use of episiotomy declining in Canada
22
Q
Caesarean section
5
A
- baby too large for pelvic opening (or problems with the cord, position, distress, length of labour)
- incise abdominal and uterine walls
- somewhat greater incidence of complications
- recovery longer (5-6 days v. 1-2 days)
- concerns about number of c-sections
23
Q
c-section in canada
7
A
- most common inpatient surgery
- stay is ~2.7 days
- recovery is longer (2 weeks to pick up baby and 6-8 weeks for anything heavier)
- 30% of hospital births were c-sections
- 26.7% in 2007
- 19.0% in 1997
- more likely if >35 yrs old
24
Q
common signs of fetal distress
3
A
- compression of the umbilical cord
- compression of major blood vessels in the mother’s abdomen
- maternal illness due to hypertension, anmenia, or heart disease
25
Q
the longest stage of labour is typically (stage 1, 2, or 3)
A
- stage 1
