History Flashcards
what fertility symbols are in structures
- enlarged penis
- enlarged breasts
- wide hips
- big butt
- exaggerated vulvae
what did the fertility symbols promote
- fecundity (reproduction) in humans and animals
how did the first people communicate with nature
- ritualized sex
- a sex act that violated were seen as offending the supernatural and having nature consequences
Judaic reason for sex
- procreation
core concern with respect to sex in Judaic tradition
- protect integrity of marriage
- incest prohibitions
Judaic rules on sex (3)
- adultery rules based on husband’s rights to sex and reproductive assets (women = sex with not husband, men = sex with someone else’s wife)
- seduction of a virgin (compensation to dad or marry her)
- premartial sex between engaged couples (sorta frown appron, going to marry anyways)
The primary purpose of sex within the Judaic tradition is:
1. Pleasure
2. Procreation
3. Placate the Gods
4. nsure good crops
2.Procreation
in ancient Greece, how the _ behaved relfected the _
Gods, humans
Who did Zeus have sex with
Men, Women, and other Gods
What the Athenian’s believe in?
(2)
- they were sexually uninhibited (no filter)
- however, they need to marry for love, not sex
Greek males were _ but they married _
bisexual, different sex
Greek Pedastry
(4)
- boy love
- post puberty
- grown men will mentor boys sexually
- need admirable men with high status
Romans were less concerned with _ and was more _ and _
aesthetic, physical, sensuous
What did the Romans think of same sex
not good, it undermines the family
What was the ideology around female virgins and Romans
(3)
- they had special powers
- they couldn’t be executed
- rape them, then execute them
Roman religious imagery
(3)
- phallic worship
- bigger penis = more power to protect people
- magic power to ward off evil
Roman games and combat
(3)
- involved sex in a sadistic way
- sex act before and during the games
- rape by animals
Rome’s matter of fact approach to sex
(3)
- resisted attempts to regulate sex conduct
- physical and impersonal sex
- Women weren’t expected to be passive during sex
Same-sex acttivity was acceptable to
1. the greek
2. the roman
3. both the greek and roman
4. neither the greek or roman
- the greeks
When during the Roman era, _ became the dominant spiritual, intellectual, and political force in the West.
Christianity
did Judaism influence sex attitudes in early Christians
yes, and it became more strict
Greeks converts to Chriistianity which brought the tenets of _
(4)
stoicism
- virtue is the highest good
- repress emotion (especially sexual)
- sex becomes shameful and objectable
Early Christians and thier view on sex
(3)
- wide range of views
- all sex is bad v. form of communion
- took th emiddle road of sex is good in marriage
St. Augustine (354-430)
(3)
- original sin is linked to sexual arousal
- all sexual experience is lustful, therefore shameful
- need to have procreation within mirriage for it to not be shameful
Western sexual attitudes were forged during the _
middle ages
in the middle ages, they no longer tolerated _ in art
eroticism
in the middle ages, sexual pleasure was _
innately sinful
middle ages saw _ as virtue and _ was the only just reason for sex
celibacy, procreation
middle ages and sexual positions and the body
(3)
- man above women was proper
- no rear entry/oral/anal (demonic)
- body was shameful (no nudity to protect from lustful thoughts)
middle ages and women (chastiy, nobility, ownership, laws, and witch trials)
(5)
- chastiy belt for women
- wife and mistress have different roles and nobility
- women were owned and could relinquesh women for a fee
- they weren’t protected by law
- witch trials took place for women with “knowledge”
middle ages and courtship
courtly love (3)
- women on a pedestal (put in higher posititions)
- only for unmarried women
- formal and complex
the test of pure love in the middle ages was
resiting sex with others
- other sexual acts was ok
The middle ages are important in the history of sexuality because
1. they are origins og many modern viewpoints on sexuality
2. they linked sex and sin
3. love became central to sexuality
4. 2 of the above
5. all of the above
d.2 of the above
- they are origins of many viewpoints
- they linked sex and sin
Renaissance’s classical ideals and values
(3)
- elevated importance of individual
- gradual shift away from religious to the secular
- wealthy sponsors for the arts and learning
Renaissance’s exuberant sexuality re-emerges
- wealthy indulge sexual appetites
- church and some popes more worldy (have mistresses)
what are the 2 changes in style in the renaissance
- codpiece (men) (cup)
- corsets to display breats
three things that came prevalent in the renaissance and it resulted in what
- illegitmacy
- male same sex behaviour
- prostitution
- syphilis
John Calvin
- syphilis is God’s way of punishing sex outside of marriage
what was the divide in the catholic church
(2)
- Great Schism = protestant
- Martin Luther = opposed celibacy
The calvin church
- work hard to be rewarded and ignore the sinful impulses
- protestant work ethic
Puritans and how the catholic church responded
(3)
- in england and took them to new england in USA
- wanted more protistant ideals in england
- catholic church reaffirmed it’s basic ideals
In the renaissance period, the most culturally valued persons were
1. clergy
2. women
3. artists
4. entrepreneurs
3.artists
what changed happened during the enlightenment
18th centure (3)
- skepticism began for the religious faith
- scientific evidence became more prominant
- “live and let pass”
condom, literary charm and sex tolerance for art in the enlightement
(5)
- condoms get made
- Casanova, Marquis de Sade, Don Juan
- game of seduction
- men targeting women
- rubens and rembrandt
Ruben and Rembrant
- nude paintings
- healthy bodies in paintings
rational sexuality in upper-class enlightenment
- reason controld the heart and feelings
- code of being quite about adultery
- do not get caught
Age of reason in the enlightenment
for women (3)
- wanted a “new” kind of women
- sex with intellect, but no love
- more involved
Jean Rousseau in the enlightenment
19th century (3)
- back to nature
- discovery of the south pacific cultures
- Tahitians (natural goodness) (less sexual restraint)
John wesley formed the _
Methodist church for born again christians
English reforms society with a cost
19th century (5)
- rigid and oppressive morality
- victorian morality
- virginity was prasied
- sex is something you have to do
- social movement is to liberate women
The enlightenment period in europe provides echoes of which other period/cluture we have considered?
1. judaism
2. reformation
3. greek
4. middle ages
3.greek
sexual modernism in the 20th century
(2)
- reaction to repressive victorianism
- sex is now a human asset to be managed properly
women’s right to vote
federal v. quebec
- canada = 1918
- Quebec = 1940
WW1 and the change in society
(2)
- annonymity of urban life
- breaks down control
Roaring 20’s
- social freedom
- more open for sex at a young age
WW2
(3)
- bomb girls that does “men” jobs
- feminism continues after the war
- contraceptive pill
the contraceptive pill was integral to what?
60s sex revolution
the idea of stability and change within a society is along a _
continnum
when does stability of a society persist, and when does change occur
s: when society values social order at the expense of individual freedom
c: when society gets restless they push against reg. systems
what are the changes in the 60s
- separism in quebec
- war measure act
- a new radicalism (the left)
what was the hippie movement of the 60s
youth group outside of society protesting war in a non-violent way (going against what they are told to do)
what ended the hippie movement and when
- the recession
- mid 1970
the mid 70s boomer became _
careerists
starting in the 60s, there was an increase in _ and the # of _ compared to earlier times
- permarital sex
- partners
what happened in the 19th century age of industrialization
people move from farm to cities
19th century prioritizes _ class
middle class
the power of churches became _ in the 20th century
weaker
liberalization of men and women in the 50s and 60s examples
(3)
- more teens graduating
- relaxed social interactions
- more access to cars for privacy
three values that stayed in the 50-60s
- sex for marriage
- double standard
- no tolerance for deviant sexuality
divorce was bad in the 50-60s because_
kids need 2 parents
church in quebec is more _
conservative
the _ _ in quebec did what
- quiet revolution
- dismantled political power in the church
3 major forces against sex +’ve attitude
- religion
- disease
- pregnancy
what was illegal in canada in the 19th century
birth control
family change inthe 50’s and the pill in the 60’s
- people in the city wanted smaller families
- illegal to sell and dispense
Canada/US/Australia saw an uprise in what, Europe didn’t and why
- increase in births
- still struggling from the war
what tools did the baby boomers ise to get in touch with “what is real”
- drugs (LSD, MJ)
- sex
womens groups in uni promoted what
birth control
when did society shift to letting sex happen outside of marriage
the 70’s
three things that changed with pierre trudeau
- opened door for abortions
- removed homosexuality from being illegal
- broadened the reasons for divorce
with repect to modernization of sex, which of the following is not true
1. sex was a valuable human asset
2. liberation of society occured with little resistance
3. WW1 accelerated changes
4. the car aided in change attitudes
2.liberation occured with little resistance
Which of the following statement is true
1. 1950s, religion had a slow decline
2. once the pill was approved, it was available to women (not single)
3. there was a strong taboo against sex outside of marriage because of stigma associated with illegitimate brith
4. 2 of the above
4.2 of the above (slow decline in religion and taboo of sex outside of marriage cause of pregency)
