Psychopharmacology Flashcards
two groups of Antipsychotics
- older - conventional
2. newer - second-generation
who do antipsychotics treat?
schizophrenia mood disorder control aggressive behavior borderline personality disorder dementia tourette's
mechanism of action for antipsychotics, what do they block?
they block dopamine at the D2 receptor
second generation are ______ antagonists at the DA receptor
they’re weaker
they’re also potent 5-HT antagonists and have anticholinergic and antihistaminic activity
main types of antipsychotics (3)
chlorpromazine
haloperidol
clozapine
side effects of antipsychotics
tardive dyskinesia pseudoparkinsonism akathisia acute dystonic reaction orthostatic hypotension hyperprolactinemia neuroleptic malignant syndrom
antidepressants - SSRI’s are the most widely ______, they don’t cause side effects like ___ do
antidepressants - SSRI’s are the most widely prescribed, they don’t cause side effects like TCA’s do
what do SSRI’s treat?
major depression, panic, OCD, social phobia, PTSD, bulimia nervosa
Side effects of SSRI’s
nausea, loose bowel, anxiety, headache, insomnia, sedation, increased sweating, weight gain/weight loss
sexual dysfunction - MAIN ONE
2 newer antidepressants
bupropion and duloxetine
burproprion inhibits reuptake of what 2 neurotransmitters?
dopamine and NE
duloxetine inhibits reuptake of what 2 neurotransmitters?
5HT and NE
TCA block reuptake of what?
NE and 5HT at the presynaptic terminals
TCA side effects
sedation
orthostatic hypotension
anticholinergic effects
MAOIs inhabit what?
MAO
what do MAOI’s treat?
depression panic disorder agoraphobia social phobia PTSD bulimia nervosa
side effects of MAOI’s
orthostatic hypotension
severe hypertension/death/stroke if you don’t follow a low tyrosine diet
what type of antidepressant should you start with when 1st prescribing?
SSRI’s
how long should drug trials last with antidepressants?
4-8 weeks
what is the main drug used for mood stabilizers
lithium carbonate
who does lithium treat?
prevents recurrence of depression
treatment of schizophrenia
what are the side effects of lithium?
thirst tremor diarrhea weight gain edema hypothyroidism
anxiolytics - two main types
benzodiazepines and buspirone
who do benzodiazepines treat?
anxiety sleep disturbances seizure alcohol withdrawal anesthesia
how do benzo’s work?
via GABA receptors
side effects of benzo’s
CNS depression:
drowsiness, reduced motor coordination, memory impairment
buspirone is a ____ receptor agonist
5HT
what is buspirone used for
generalized anxiety
not for panic, relieving phobias
agents used to treat extra pyramidal syndrome (EPS) work via
blocking muscarinic receptors in the corpus striatum
what is an example of an agent used to treat EPS?
benxtropines
side effects of benxtropines?
dry mouth, blurry vision, constipation
electroconvulsive therapy is when
electric current is passed through scalp and selected parts of the brain to induce a grand mal seizure
who does ECT treat?
depressive
psychomotor
retardation
delusions
who is ECT not recommended for?
chronic depression
serious forms of personality disorder
