Addiction

Question 1

behavioral addictions

Answer 1

non-substance addiction
controversial
often considered to be impulse control problems rather than addiction

Question 2

definition of addiction

Answer 2

“bound to”/ “enslaved by” loss of control

Question 3

examples of addiction

Answer 3

compulsive buying
internet addiction
sexual addiction
skin picking
excessive tanning
food, work, exercise
pathological gamlbing

Question 4

definition of gambling:

Answer 4

placing something of value at risk for the chance of obtaining something of greater value

Question 5

what is pathological gambling?

Answer 5

impulse control disorder must have 5/10 symptoms

Question 6

symptoms of pathological gambling 1. preoccupation with gambling

Answer 6

relieving gambling experiences, planning the next venture

Question 7

symptoms of pathological gambling 2. increasing amounts of money are needed to maintain gambling excitement

Answer 7

similar to tolerance in substance dependence

Question 8

symptoms of pathological gambling 3. repeated and unsuccessful attempt to….

Answer 8

quit or cut back on gambling

Question 9

symptoms of pathological gambling 4. restlessness or irritability when reducing or quitting gambling

Answer 9

similar to withdrawal in substance dependence

Question 10

symptoms of pathological gambling 5. using gambling as a way to escape from

Answer 10

problems or negative mood

Question 11

symptoms of pathological gambling 6. chasing losses

Answer 11

returning another day to win back money lost

Question 12

symptoms of pathological gambling 7. lying to family, friends or others about

Answer 12

gambling to hide the extent of it

Question 13

symptoms of pathological gambling 8. engaging in illegal acts to finance gambling

Answer 13

forger, embezzlement (this is removed in DSMV)

Question 14

symptoms of pathological gambling 9. placing a relationship, job, educational career opportunity in

Answer 14

jeopardy as a result of gambling

Question 15

symptoms of pathological gambling 10. seeking help from others to relieve a desperate

Answer 15

financial situation caused by gambling

Question 16

the four C’s of addiction

Answer 16

control - loss of control over behavior
conseuquences - continued engagement despite negative consequences
compulsion - constatn preoccupation
craving - physical drive/urge

Question 17

mood disorders common in gamblers

Answer 17

depression

Question 18

gambling is about risk and reward

Answer 18

involves placing something at risk in order to obtain something of greater value

Question 19

response inhibition

Answer 19

ability to respond to a stop signal after being present with a go signal

Question 20

working memory

Answer 20

ability to maintain attention to detail essential in planning

Question 21

cognitive flexibility and preservation

Answer 21

ability to shift one’s thought or action to fit the demands of the situation

Question 22

planing

Answer 22

ability to identify and organize elements needed to carry out a planned act or achieve a goal

Question 23

clinical reasons for the importance of impulsivity and executive function

Answer 23

impulsivity and EF deficits impair a person’s ability to learn from their experiences and make plans based on long-term consequences of their behaviors
treatment is geared toward longer-term consequence
pathological gamblers may have greater difficulty benefitting from treatment

Question 24

striatum: includes caudate and putamen

Answer 24

coordinates motivation with body movement

associated with reward, decision making and executive function

Question 25

increase in ventral striatum while

Answer 25

winning relative to losing in pathological gambler

Question 26

a decrease in ventral striatal and ventromedial prefrontal activation is associated with

Answer 26

gambling severity

Question 27

nucleus accumbesn

Answer 27

pleasure center | DA levels when drug on board

Question 28

prefrontal cortex

Answer 28

executive functions, regulates overall motivational salience and determine intensity of response

Question 29

hippocampus

Answer 29

formation of novel memories about experienced events

Question 30

amygdala

Answer 30

memory and emotional reactions

Question 31

insular cortex

Answer 31

consciousness, self-awareness, autonomic fix, emotional states related to awareness, drug craving

Question 32

dopamine

Answer 32

a decrease in D2/D3 receptor availability in a problem gambling group - they also had Parkinson's

Question 33

treatments

Answer 33

no FDA approved medications for gambling disorder

Question 34

opioid antagonists

Answer 34

addictive behaviors associted with dysregulation of the mesolimbic DA system endogenous opioids may serve to modulate DA release form nAC naloxone inhibits DA in the VTA and reduces DA function in the in the nAC modulation of the DA system may reduce the excitement and urges associated with gambling

Question 35

glutamate agonists

Answer 35

very limited evidence so far just that glutamate has been linked to the reward process and imbalance may affect changes in corticostriatal neuroplasticity impairing communication between brain reward regions

Question 36

other medications

Answer 36

antipsychotics and mood stabilizers

Question 37

behavioral treatments

Answer 37

mutual fellowship - gambler anonymous evidence-based psychotherapy - motivational interviewing/motivational enhancement therapy cognitive therapy/cognitive behavior therapy

Question 38

what is the hallmark feature of gambling?

Answer 38

IMPULSIVITY

Question 39

what underlying brain processes are associated with gambling disorder?

Answer 39

deficits in reward processing and executive function