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Neuro > Addiction > Flashcards

Addiction Flashcards

1
Q

behavioral addictions

A

non-substance addiction
controversial
often considered to be impulse control problems rather than addiction

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2
Q

definition of addiction

A

“bound to”/ “enslaved by” loss of control

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3
Q

examples of addiction

A 
compulsive buying
internet addiction
sexual addiction
skin picking
excessive tanning
food, work, exercise
pathological gamlbing
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4
Q

definition of gambling:

A

placing something of value at risk for the chance of obtaining something of greater value

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5
Q

what is pathological gambling?

A

impulse control disorder must have 5/10 symptoms

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6
Q

symptoms of pathological gambling 1. preoccupation with gambling

A

relieving gambling experiences, planning the next venture

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7
Q

symptoms of pathological gambling 2. increasing amounts of money are needed to maintain gambling excitement

A

similar to tolerance in substance dependence

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8
Q

symptoms of pathological gambling 3. repeated and unsuccessful attempt to….

A

quit or cut back on gambling

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9
Q

symptoms of pathological gambling 4. restlessness or irritability when reducing or quitting gambling

A

similar to withdrawal in substance dependence

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10
Q

symptoms of pathological gambling 5. using gambling as a way to escape from

A

problems or negative mood

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11
Q

symptoms of pathological gambling 6. chasing losses

A

returning another day to win back money lost

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12
Q

symptoms of pathological gambling 7. lying to family, friends or others about

A

gambling to hide the extent of it

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13
Q

symptoms of pathological gambling 8. engaging in illegal acts to finance gambling

A

forger, embezzlement (this is removed in DSMV)

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14
Q

symptoms of pathological gambling 9. placing a relationship, job, educational career opportunity in

A

jeopardy as a result of gambling

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15
Q

symptoms of pathological gambling 10. seeking help from others to relieve a desperate

A

financial situation caused by gambling

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16
Q

the four C’s of addiction

A

control - loss of control over behavior
conseuquences - continued engagement despite negative consequences
compulsion - constatn preoccupation
craving - physical drive/urge

17
Q

mood disorders common in gamblers

A

depression

18
Q

gambling is about risk and reward

A

involves placing something at risk in order to obtain something of greater value

19
Q

response inhibition

A

ability to respond to a stop signal after being present with a go signal

20
Q

working memory

A

ability to maintain attention to detail essential in planning

21
Q

cognitive flexibility and preservation

A

ability to shift one’s thought or action to fit the demands of the situation

22
Q

planing

A

ability to identify and organize elements needed to carry out a planned act or achieve a goal

23
Q

clinical reasons for the importance of impulsivity and executive function

A

impulsivity and EF deficits impair a person’s ability to learn from their experiences and make plans based on long-term consequences of their behaviors
treatment is geared toward longer-term consequence
pathological gamblers may have greater difficulty benefitting from treatment

24
Q

striatum: includes caudate and putamen

A

coordinates motivation with body movement

associated with reward, decision making and executive function

25
Q

increase in ventral striatum while

A

winning relative to losing in pathological gambler

26
Q

a decrease in ventral striatal and ventromedial prefrontal activation is associated with

A

gambling severity

27
Q

nucleus accumbesn

A

pleasure center

DA levels when drug on board

28
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

executive functions, regulates overall motivational salience and determine intensity of response

29
Q

hippocampus

A

formation of novel memories about experienced events

30
Q

amygdala

A

memory and emotional reactions

31
Q

insular cortex

A

consciousness, self-awareness, autonomic fix, emotional states related to awareness, drug craving

32
Q

dopamine

A

a decrease in D2/D3 receptor availability in a problem gambling group - they also had Parkinson’s

33
Q

treatments

A

no FDA approved medications for gambling disorder

34
Q

opioid antagonists

A

addictive behaviors associted with dysregulation of the mesolimbic DA system
endogenous opioids may serve to modulate DA release form nAC
naloxone inhibits DA in the VTA and reduces DA function in the in the nAC
modulation of the DA system may reduce the excitement and urges associated with gambling

35
Q

glutamate agonists

A

very limited evidence so far just that glutamate has been linked to the reward process and imbalance may affect changes in corticostriatal neuroplasticity impairing communication between brain reward regions

36
Q

other medications

A

antipsychotics and mood stabilizers

37
Q

behavioral treatments

A

mutual fellowship - gambler anonymous
evidence-based psychotherapy - motivational interviewing/motivational enhancement therapy cognitive therapy/cognitive behavior therapy

38
Q

what is the hallmark feature of gambling?

A

IMPULSIVITY

39
Q

what underlying brain processes are associated with gambling disorder?

A

deficits in reward processing and executive function

Neuro (15 decks)

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