psychopathology evaluation Flashcards
1
Q
Give some evaluations of statistical infrequency?
A
- some abnormalities desirable e.g High IQ.
- The cut off point is subjective.
- Cultural Relativism - some behaviour may be infrequent in one culture and frequent in another.
2
Q
Give some evaluations of deviation from social norms.
A
- Cultural Relativism.
- Susceptible to abuse e.g homosexuality included in DSM. Russia used mental illness to lock people up.
- distinguishes desirable and undesirable.
3
Q
Give some evaluations on Failure to function adequately?
A
- Judgement is subjective.
- unable to distinguish functional and dysfunctional. e.g transvestism = abnormal some = functional
- Cultural relativism.
4
Q
Give some evaluations on ideal mental health?
A
- unrealistic criteria. most people considered abnormal. not really usable when identifying abnormality.
- Cultural relativism e.g one symptom of Sz is hearing voices. However, this is an experience that is common in some cultures
5
Q
Give some evaluations on ideal mental health?
A
- unrealistic criteria. most people considered abnormal. not really usable when identifying abnormality. criteria difficult to measure
- Cultural relativism- not relevant to collectivist cultures people promote the needs of others not themselves.
6
Q
evaluate the behavioural approach to explaining phobias.
A
- support for social learning - Bandura and Rosenthal (1966) model acted in pain every time buzzer sounded. later Ps who observed this showed an emotional reaction the the buzzed acquired a “fear” response.
- Incomplete explanation - (Di Nardo et al., 1988) not everyone bitten by a dog gets a phobia of them. could be explained by a diathesis - stress model - inherit a genetic vulnerability for developing mental disorders, disorder will only manifest if trigger by a life event e.g bit by a dog
7
Q
evaluate biological approach explaining ocd.
A
- family and twin studies - Nestadt et al. (2000) 80 patients with OCD and 343 of their 1st degree relatives compared to 73 patients without mental illness and 300 of their relatives. people with 1st deg relatives x5 greater risk. meta - analysis of 14 twin studies identical more than x2 to develop OCD if co-twin had OCD than non-identical.
- research support for genes and OFC - many studies demon the genetic link to abnormal studies of neurotransmitters e.g. Menzies et al. (2007) - used to MRI OCD patients imediate family compared to unrealted health people, OCD lot reduced grey matter in key regions includng OFC
8
Q
eval biological approach treating OCD
A
- effectiveness - Soomro et al. (2008) reviewed 17 studies of the use of SSRIs with OCD patients more effective than placebos in reducing symptoms of OCD up to 3 months after treatment. issue regarding eval of treatment most studs 3, 4 month duration.
- Side effects - nausea, headache and insomnia common side effects of SSRIs (Soomro et al., 2008) Tricyclic anti ds more side effects (hallucinations irregular heart beats) BZs higher aggression lt impairment of mem. limits usefulness of drug treatments
9
Q
eval behavioural approach to treating phobias (SD)
A
- 75% SD (McGrath et al.) in vivo more effective than using pictures and imagining phobia in vitro
- not appropriate for all phobias - Ohman et al. (1975) - treating phobias with an underlying evolutionary survival component e.g fear of heights, dark, dangerous animals
9
Q
eval behavioural approach to treating phobias (SD)
A
- 75% SD (McGrath et al.) in vivo more effective than using pictures and imagining phobia in vitro
- not appropriate for all phobias - Ohman et al. (1975) - treating phobias with an underlying evolutionary survival component e.g fear of heights, dark, dangerous animals
10
Q
eval behavioural approach to treating phobias (flooding)
A
- effectiveness - more effective than SD Choy el al. Craske et al 2008 SD and Flooding equally effective in the treatment of phobias.
- individual differences - not suited for everyone coz highly traumatic experience - reduces ultimate effectiveness of the therapy.
