forensics not in exam

Question 1

what is custodial sentencing?

Answer 1

involves a convicted offender being punished by serving time in prison or another closed institution such as a young offenders institute or psychiatric hospital

Question 2

What are the aims of custodial sentencing?

Answer 2

1. Deterrence
2. Incapacitation
3. Retribution
4. Rehabilitation

Question 3

What is recidivism?

Answer 3

the tendency to relapse into a previous way of behaving - the problem of reoffending. (i.e committing more crimes)

Question 4

What is deterrence?

Answer 4

the unpleasant prison experience is designed to put off the individual, and society at large, from engaging in offending behaviour.

Question 5

What is incapacitation?

Answer 5

the offender is taken out of society to prevent them from reoffending in order to protect the public, especially from those who may not be capable of controlling their behaviour.

Question 6

what is retribution?

Answer 6

society is enacting revenge for the crime by making the offender suffer, and this should be proportionate to the seriousness of the crime. The victim/ family then feel a sense of justice.

Question 7

what is rehabilitation?

Answer 7

the offender can be reformed and made into a better person through some form of education or therapy. they should leave prison better adjusted and ready to take their place back in society.

Question 8

what are the psychological effects of custodial sentencing?

Answer 8

1. stress and depression
2. institutionalisation
3. overcrowding and lack of privacy
4. Deindividuation
5. effects on the family
6. labelling

Question 9

what are the four methods of dealing with offending behaviour?

Answer 9

1. custodial sentencing
2. behaviour modification in custody
3. anger management
4. restorative justice

Question 10

what did the prison reform trust (2014) report

Answer 10

1. that 46% of adults are reconvicted within one year of release and over 67% of under 18s are reconvicted within a year.
2. in 2007, 14 prisons recorded offending rates of over 70%.
3. the cost of such - reoffending is at least 9.5 billion pounds per year for the economy

Question 11

What are behaviour modification programmes?

Answer 11

they’re applications of the behavioural approach to treatment. They’re designed with the aim of reinforcing obedient behaviour in offenders in the hope that the behaviour will continue whilst punishing disobedience in the hope that this will become extinct.
they’re based on the principles of operant conditioning.

Question 12

What is Aggression?

Answer 12

is a rational response when our goals are blocked

Question 13

What are the stages of anger management?

Answer 13

1. cognitive preparation
2. skill acquisition
3. Application practice