Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > psychopathology > Flashcards

psychopathology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

behavioural characterstics of depression

A
  • feeling tired but insomnia
  • avoiding people
  • loss of appetite
  • aggression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

emotional characteristics of depression

A
  • feeling alone and useless
  • loss of interest in activities
  • anger at self or others
  • low self esteem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cognitive characteristics of depression

A
  • no concentration
  • recall happy events
  • focuses on negative aspects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

depression

A

a mood disorder lasting over 2 weeks, characterised by negative thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Beck’s Negative Triad

A
  • 1967
  • negative views of the world
  • negative views of the future
  • negative views of theirself
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

negative schema

A

is created from rejection or criticism in childhood, leading to self fulfilling prophecy and cognitive bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Clarke and Beck

A
  • 2000
  • assesses 65 pregnant women for cognitive vulnerability and depression
  • high vulnerability leads to post natal depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ellis ABC model

A
  • 1962
  • its not what happens to someone, its how they deal with it
  • A = activating event
  • B = belief
  • C = consequence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 definitions of abnormality

A
  1. deviation from social norms
  2. failure to function adequately
  3. statistical infrequency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

deviation from social norms

A
  • some deviance is good
  • risk of abuse to abnormal groups
  • reductionist
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

failure to function adequately

A
  • applicable e.g mental health
  • needs a greater consideration of context
  • less risk of abuse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

statistical infrequency

A
  • clear cut off points
  • scientific and objective
  • not all infrequency is bad
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Jahoda’s 6 criteria

A
  1. positive attitude towards self
  2. self-actualisation of potential
  3. resistance to stress
  4. personal autonomy
  5. accurate perception of reality
  6. adapting/mastering the environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

issues with Jahoda

A
  1. cultural expectations stop this
  2. constrained by environment
  3. responsibilities and cultural factors
  4. contradicts 1
  5. can’t control other people
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

diagnostic criteria of OCD

A
  • presence of a fear or routine that causes chronic anxiety
  • interferes with an hour a day of life
  • obsessions are persistent intrusive thoughts
  • compulsions are ritualistic behaviour to avoid perceived consequences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2 genes linked to OCD

A

COMT and SERT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

COMT gene

A

is linked to dopamine (reward chemical) meaning dopamine is less regulated and in greater supply

18
Q

SERT gene

A

is linked to the transport of serotonin, meaning there’s lower levels of it

19
Q

Szechtman et al

A

found increasing dopamine in rats caused new compulsive checking behaviours

20
Q

Nestadt et al

A

having first degree relatives with OCD made them have a risk 5x greater of having the illness at some time in their lives

21
Q

Billet

A

meta-analysis of 14 twins and found that identical twins were more than twice as likely to develop it if there twin had it compared to non-identical

22
Q

caudate nucleus

A

controls messages from the thalamus to the orbitofrontal cortex when it senses a danger and people with OCD have a much higher activity

23
Q

drug treatment for OCD

A
  1. pre synaptic cell releases serotonin
  2. this crosses the synapse and binds to receptors on post synaptic cell
  3. it becomes excited or inhibited and passes signal along
  4. spare serotonin is re-uptaken to stop us being constantly happy
24
Q

common drugs for OCD

A

Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SSRI)

  • increases serotonin in the synapse by stopping reuptake
  • lexapro, prozac, celexa
25
Q

Soomro

A

SSRI’s outperform placebos on 17 trials

26
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

enhance GABA neurotransmitter which calms down neurons in the brain including dopamine receptors

27
Q

evaluation of drug treatment

A
  • can become dependent on them
  • valium is used recreationally so can be addictive
  • BZ’s can cause vomiting, headaches, weakness
  • SSRI’s can cause new suicidality, irratibility
28
Q

3 types of phobia

A

simple, social, agoraphobia

29
Q

simple phobias

A

or specific phobias, are the most common and there is an specific object that is the cause of the fear, split into: animal, injury, situational, natural

30
Q

social phobias

A

feelings of extreme anxiety in social situation, split into: performance, interaction, generalised

31
Q

agoraphobia

A

a fear of open or public spaces and can be caused by simple or social phobias

32
Q

Little Albert

A
  • Watson and Rynor
    gave Albert small fluffy animals to play with then made a loud noise when he played with white rats which he associated with the animals
33
Q

Mourer (1947)

A

the 2 process model: classical teaches the phobia but operant reinforces it by negative reinforcement

34
Q

Mineka (1986)

A

monkeys raised in the wild learned a fear of snakes through observing their parents as captive monkey didn’t have this fear

35
Q

systematic desensitisation

A
  1. fear hierarchy
  2. relaxation techniques
  3. reciprocal inhibition
36
Q

fear hierarchy

A

the patient ranks a number of situations involving their phobia from least to most scary

37
Q

reciprocal inhibition

A

2 states can’t be happening at the same time, so relaxation should overtake fear

38
Q

Mcgrath (1990)

A

a girl had a fear of sudden loud noises but by the fifth session she was able to pop the balloons herself, suitable treatment for 75% of cases

39
Q

Gilroy et al (2002)

A

examined 42 patients who became less fearful then a control group, and the treatment lasted 33 months

40
Q

flooding

A

there’s only so much adrenaline you can produce so after a while with the phobia you will calm down

Psychology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions