Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > memory > Flashcards

memory Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

working memory model

A

short term memory processor of different types of information

  • central executive
  • phonological loop
  • visuo spatial sketchpad
  • episodic buffer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

central executive

A

attentional process that monitors incoming data, makes decisions and allocates systems to tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

phonological loop

A
  • phonological store stores words you hear

- articulatory process allows repeating sounds to keep in the memory while needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

visuo-spatial sketchpad

A

stores visual information and has a limited capacity

  • visual cache
  • inner scribe records the arrangement of visual objects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

episodic buffer

A

temporary stored information and integrates visual, spatial, and verbal information processed by other stores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

episodic memory

A

recalling events from our lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

semantic memory

A

contains our knowledge of the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

procedural memory

A

contains our memory for actions and skills which we can recall without conscious awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

coding

A

the format in which information is stored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

capacity

A

the amount of information that can be stored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

semantically

A

meanings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

acoustically

A

sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

capacity of STM

A

around 7 items

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

duration of STM

A

less than 18 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

encoding of STM

A

acoustically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Peterson and Peterson

A
  • 1959
  • recall of constant syllables was accurate 90% after 3 seconds
  • 2% accurate over 18 seconds
  • artificial as words were meaningless
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Baddeley on STM

A
  • 1966

- found they struggled ordering acoustically similar words after just hearing them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

capacity of LTM

A

potentially unlimited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

duration of LTM

A

potentially unlimited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

encoding of LTM

A

semantically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Bahrick et al

A
  • 1975
  • participants were 90% accurate at identifying faces from yearbooks 15 years later
  • 48 years later, 70% accurate
  • high external validity
22
Q

multi store model

A
  • Atkinson and Shiffrin
  • sensory register
  • short term memory store
  • long term memory store
23
Q

sensory register

A
  • iconic memory stores visual information
  • echoic memory is sound coded acoustically
  • attention causes this information to pass into further memory
24
Q

short - term memory store

A
  • maintenance rehearsal occurs when we repeat material to keep it in short term
  • if we rehearse long enough if enters long term
25
Q

long - term memory store

A
  • information rehearsed for a prolonged time

- recalling it means it has to be transferred back into short term memory by retrieval

26
Q

proactive interference

A

older memory interferes with new memory

27
Q

retroactive interference

A

new memory interferes with old memory

28
Q

Tulving and Pearlstone

A
  • 1983
  • learnt a word list and split into 2 groups
  • 40% of the words were remembered from free recall
  • 75% of the words were cued recall
29
Q

encoding specificity principle

A

if a cue is to help us to recall information is has to be present at encoding and retrieval

30
Q

Godden and Baddely

A
  • 1975
  • scuba divers learn and recall a list of words in 4 conditions
  • on land and underwater
  • recall was better when both environments matched
31
Q

Godwin et al

A

recall information learnt either when drunk or sober, easily recalled in the same state

32
Q

retrieval failure

A
  • encoding specificity principle
  • context dependent forgetting
  • state dependent forgetting
33
Q

Loftus and Palmer

A
  • 1974
  • 5 groups of students were shown a clip of a car crash and all given different verbs
  • contacted had the mean speed of 31.8 mph
  • smashed had 40.8mph
34
Q

factors affecting eyewitness testimony

A
  • anxiety

- misleading information

35
Q

negative effect of anxiety

A

creates physiological arousal in the body which prevents attention to important cues

36
Q

Johnson and Scott

A
  • 1976
  • 2 groups of participants overheard an argument
  • one group saw a man with a knife, and one with a pen
  • 49% of pen participants could identify him
  • 33% of knife could identify him
37
Q

tunnel theory

A

a witness’ attention narrows to focus on a weapon as its the source of anxiety

38
Q

anxiety has a positive effect

A

the fight or flight response is triggered which increases our alertness and become more aware to cues

39
Q

Yerkes - Dosdon effect

A

there has to be a certain level of anxiety to create an accurate eyewitness testimony

40
Q

cognitive interview

A
  • report everything
  • mental reinstatement
  • change the order
  • change perspective
41
Q

report everything

A

witnesses are encouraged to include every detail as it can trigger more memories

42
Q

mental reinstatement

A

witnesses return to the crime scene in their mind as the context will act as a cue

43
Q

change the order

A

witnesses have to recall the events in a different order to stop people just recalling their expectations of the incident

44
Q

change perspective

A

witnesses should recall the incident from other peoples perspective to reduce bias and stop expectations

45
Q

Baddeley on LTM

A
  • 1966

- struggled to recall a word list after 20 minutes and did worse with semantically similar words

46
Q

Baddeley and Hitch

A

more accurate recall of team mates names when less games were played

47
Q

Yuille and Cutshall

A
  • 1986
  • interview witnesses of a real life shooting
  • higher levels of stress were more accurate recall
48
Q

evaluation of types of long term memory

A
  • supported by Clive Wearing and HM
  • brain scan supports it
  • real life applications for training programmes for people with cognitive impairments
49
Q

evaluation of multi-store model

A
  • coding research demonstrates difference between STM and LTM
  • there’s more than one type of STM
  • there’s more than one type of rehearsal
50
Q

evaluation of working memory model

A
  • KF case supports it
  • dual task performance supports it
  • lack of clarity over central executive
51
Q

evaluation of interference theory

A
  • artificial as wordlists aren’t like everyday memory

- real life studies (Baddeley and Hitch sports teams) supports it

52
Q

evaluation of misleading information

A
  • useful real life applications
  • tasks are artificial so may be more accurate in a real situation
  • individual differences can have an impact

Psychology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions