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HD&T > Psychopathology > Flashcards

Psychopathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is DSM V

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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2
Q

What is axis 1

A 
All psychological diagnostic categories except mental retardation and personality disorders:
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Bipolar 
Autism
Anorexia/bulimia nervosa
Drug dependency
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3
Q

What is axis 2

A 
Personality disorders and mental retardation:
Paranoid personality disorder
Schizoid personality dis
OC personality dis 
Intelectual disabilities
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4
Q

What is axis 3

A

General medical conditions;
Acute medical conditions and
Physical disorders
Brain injuries (car accident) and other medical/physical disorders

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5
Q

What is axis IV

A

Psychosocial and environmental factors contributing to the disorder; stress

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6
Q

What is axis V

A

Global assessment of functioning

Children’s global assessment scale

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7
Q

What is assessed in a Mental Status Examination MSE

A 
Mood 
Affect
Thought: Process, content, perception
Appearance 
Cognitive function: define, cause ( org vs inorg)
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8
Q

What is affect

A

How you present yourself in appearance
carry yourself
communicate

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9
Q

What is thought

A

Process: organization, sequential
Content: relevant, insightful
Perception: understanding

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10
Q

What is appearance

A

Relevant
Hygiene
Aware of environment
Motivation

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11
Q

What are organic causes

A

Disease

Accident

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12
Q

What are inorganic causes

A

Molecular level

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13
Q

What are two types of Psychotic disorders

A

Psychosis

schizophrenia

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14
Q

What is psychosis

A

Impaired sense of reality.

Altered cognition and emotion.

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15
Q

What is the most commonly recognized psychiatric disease

A

schizophrenia

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16
Q

Schizophrenia background

A

$40 billion/yr
1% of pop
mostly poor urban

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17
Q

Schizo Sx

A 
Remisions
Withdrawn
Abnormal thinking and speech
anhedonic--> suicide
Abnormal appearance --> worse in men 
Men; late 20's and more aggressive 
Wmn; late 20-30 and more aggressive 
delusional 
hallucinate 
flat or labile emotions 
difficulty filtering 
lack of prepulsive inhibition; startle reflex
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18
Q

Schizophrenia requirements

A

sx that persist more than 6 months
deteriorating funtions
active psychosis
No drugs/trauma

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19
Q

What are the subtypes of schizophrenia

A

Disorganized
Catatonic
Paranoid (positive)
Residual (negative)

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20
Q

What is a disorganized schizophrenia

A 
Blunted affect 
incoherent 
Not delusional 
bizarre manorisms 
grimacing
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21
Q

What is catatonic schizophrenia

A

non responsive but aware

rigid posturing

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22
Q

What is paranoid schizophrenia

A 
POSITIVE; better response to meds
delusional 
hallucinations 
agressive 
ucoperative
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23
Q

What is residual schizophrenia

A 
NEGATIVE 
socially withdrawn
flat effect
happens in later stages of disease
most difficult to treat
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24
Q

What are schizophrenia physical findings

A 
↑ ventricular size
↓ corpus callosum 
↓ frontal cortex blood
Do not yawn 
Altered startle and accommodation
25
Q

what is schizophrenia neurochemistry

A

DA mechanism
D2 excessive activity
5HT and glutamate contribute to negative sx

26
Q

What is the genetic predisposition for schizophrenia

A 
Monozygotic twins = 40-50 %
child of both parents = 30-40 %
child of one parent = 10-15 %
Dizygotic twin or sibling = 10 % 
General population = 1%
27
Q

Tx for schizophrenia

A

All block D2 and %HT2 receptors but increase D1 activity

28
Q

What are side effects of schizophrenia drugs

A 
anhedonia
sleepiness
restlessness
amenorrhea
weigh gain
Extrapyramidal side effects:
-Tardive dyskinesias 
-parkinson's like tremors
29
Q

What are two Phenothiazines and their properties

A

Chlorpromazine
Thioridizine
Least expensive
More sedation and weight gain; anticholinergic actions
less extrapeyramidal effects, more sedation
Antiemetic action; efective against vomiting and nausea

30
Q

What is a butyrophenone and its properties

A

Haloperidol ( Haldol) ; widely used/genetic/inexpensive
High extrapyramidal side effects
no anticholinergic action or side effects

31
Q

What are newer/atypical schizophrenia drug and prop

A 
Clozapine
Serious agranulocytosis in 1-2 %
Quentiapine (seroquel)
Olanzepine (Zyprexa)
D2 and 5HT2A antagonists 
little extrapyramidal side effects 
most effective against negative effects
32
Q

What is psychotic disorder

A

Stress related
delusions/halucinations
fast recovery

33
Q

What is Schizoaffective

A

Might look bipolar

Tx will help distinguish it

34
Q

What is cyclothymia

A

Minor bipolar

No gender bias

35
Q

What is depression-dysthymia

A 
Greater than 2 yrs
lower mood/anhedonia
6%
2:1 F/M
young adults
36
Q

What RX is used for anxiety associated with everyday stress

A

Bupropion

37
Q

What is the Rx for Severe acute anxiety panic attack

A

SSRI (Paxil)

Antidepressants (Venlafaxin)

38
Q

What is the Rx for Phobic disorders

A

SSRI (Zoloft)

39
Q

What are two types of ADHD/ADD

A

Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive

Predominantly inattentive

40
Q

What are the Rx for ADHD

A

Amphetamines (adderall)
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Modafinil; fewer side effects, little abuse problem, non-stimulant

41
Q

Sx of anorexia

A 
relentless pursuit of thinness 
distorted boy image 
restriction of eating 
osteoporosis 
Muscle wasting
damage to heart
infertility
malnutrition
laxatives and diuretic
42
Q

Bulimia sx

A 
frequent bingeing and purging
normal weight 
damage to esophagus and teeth
dehydration
turmoil-shame
43
Q

What is the Tx for bulimia

A

mostly behavioral

fluoxetine and other antidepressants

44
Q

What are two MAOI antidepressants

A

Phenelzine

Selegiline

45
Q

What is good about tricyclic antidepressants

A

long half life/ single daily dose

Blocks the uptake of NE

46
Q

What are the side effects of tricyclic antidepressants

A

xerostomia
H1 blockade
orthostatic hypotension
Withdrawal

47
Q

What are three tricyclics antidepressants

A

Amytriptyline
Desipramine
Doxepin

48
Q

What monoamine uptake blocker causes depression in adolescents

A

SSRI’s

49
Q

What are two monoamine uptake blockers (SSRI) used as antidepressants

A

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

Sertraline (Zoloft)

50
Q

What are two NE or mixed transport blockers

A

Venalfaxine (effexor)

Duloxetine (cymbalta)

51
Q

What medications are used as mood stabilizers for bipolar

A 
Lithium
Antiepileptic agents:
Valproic acid
Carbamazepine
Latotrigine (lomotil)
52
Q

What Bensodiazepinesdrugs are used for anxiety disorders

A

Bensodiazepines: allosteric modulators of GABA

  • sedative
  • -diazepam (Valium)
  • -Alprazolam (Xanax)
  • Hypnotic
  • -Lorazepam (Ativan)
  • -Triazolam (Halcion)
53
Q

What barbiturates are used for anxiety, everyday stress

A

Bupropion (BuSpar)

54
Q

What drug is used for severe acute anxiety-panic attack

A

SSRI’s: Paxil

Antidepressant: Venlafaxin

55
Q

What drug is used for phobic disorders

A

SSRI:Zoloft

56
Q

What stimulants are used to treat ADHD/ADD

A

Amphetamines (adderrall)

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

57
Q

What minor stimulant is used to treat ADHD/ADD

A

Modafinil

58
Q

What drugs can be used to treat autism

A

Atypical antipsychotics

SSRI

59
Q

What drug can be used to treat bulimia

A

Fluoxetine

other antidepressants

HD&T (19 decks)

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