Adrenal disorders

Question 1

Function of glucocorticoids

Answer 1

regulation of intermediary metabolism and immunity

Question 2

Function and example of mineralcorticoids

Answer 2

Aldosterone
Sodium retention
Potassium loss

Question 3

Example of androgens

Answer 3

DHEA

Question 4

What binds Cortisol in plasma and what %

Answer 4

CBG 90%

Question 5

Effects of glucocorticoids

Answer 5

gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis in the fasting state.
Increase serum glucose levels/stimulate insulin release.
decreased muscle mass/weakness and thinning of skin.
↑ insulin secretion leading to ↑ in fat deposition.
Catabolic and anti-anabolic effects (Cushing’s)

Question 6

Adverse effects of systemic glucocorticoids short term

Answer 6

Secondary infections.
hyperglycemia
mood and behavioral changes

Question 7

Adverse effects of systemic glucocorticoids long term

Answer 7

Osteoporosis.
Cataracts
hypertension
Myopathy

Question 8

Three short to medium acting glucocorticoids

Answer 8

hydrocortisone
Cortisone
prednisone

Question 9

One long acting glucocorticoid

Answer 9

Dexamethasone

Question 10

Addison’s disease

Answer 10

Adrenal glands produce too little cortisol
Insufficient levels of aldosterone.
Weakness, fatigue, weight loss, hypotension, hyper pigmentation,
Inability to maintain blood glucose level during fasting.

Question 11

What is the tx for Adison’s

Answer 11

20-30 mg of hydrocortisone daily

Supplement with salt-retaining hormone: Fludocortisone.

Question 12

What is Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 12

Chronic High levels of cortisol due to ACTH secreting tumor.

Buffalo hump, moon face, osteoporosis, hypertension.

Question 13

What are three medications for Cushing’s

Answer 13

Ketoconazole (Nizoral)
Metyrapone (Metopirone)
Mefepristone (Korlym)