Endocrine Flashcards
thyroid Storm
Fever
CHF
Coma
PTH functions
Activate osteoclasts and bone resorption.
Increase serum calcium.
Activate Vit D and increase GI absorption.
Increase tubular resorption of Ca.
Sx of hypercalcemia due to hyperparathyroidism
Usually due to adenoma osteoporosis. constipation weakness anorexia stones Peptic ulcers coma arrhythmias.
what are the sx of hypopparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia anxiety depression ↓ in PTH tetany Dental changes in children: poor enamel, brittle/missing teeth.
Anterior pituitary
portal circulation from hypothalamus, sends releasing factors.
Rathke’s pouch
Posterior pituitary
go into systemic circulation.
buds from hypothalamus.
ADH
oxytocin
What hormones cause Cushing’s disease
Corticotropin affects ACTH
what hormone affects reproduction functions
prolactin
What problems can GH cause
Acromegaly in adults
Gigantism in children
what is the most common cause of hypopituitarism
nonsecretory pituitary adenomas
What are the sx of anterior pituitary insufficiency
loss of sex characteristics-sterility
retard growth in children
Hypothyroidism
What are the sx of posterior pituitary insufficiency
Diabetes insipidus; no glucose or insulin involved
Polydipsia
Inapropriate ADH secretion, Hyponatremia and hemodilution
What can cause hypopituarism
metastasized carcinoma
CNS infection
What does the adrenal medulla produce
Cathecolamines; EPI and NOREPI
What does the adrenal cortex produce
Mineralcorticoids
Glucocorticoids
Sex steroids
Features of primary acute cortical insufficiency
Weakness Nausea hyponatremia Hyperkalemia Hypotension Skin pigmentation Addison disease Adrenal crisis; Waterhouse-Friderichson syndrome
Features of secondary acute adrenocorticocal insufficiency
No hyperpigmentation
Aldosterone usually normal
Common cause of secondary acute adrenocorticocal insufficiency
abrupt discontinuation of steroid tx
Features of Addison’s disease
Autoimmune adrenalitis
most often white females
65% of adrenal insufficiencies
can be caused by infections; TB
What disease comes from hypercorticolism
Cushing’s disease
ACTH too low
Cortisol too high
Autonomous adrenals
Features of hyperaldosteronism
Primary; adenoma Na retention K excretion Suppression of renin-angiotensin system Secondary; renal disease/cirrhosis
Features of Pheochromocytoma
Tumor of adrenal medulla; ↑ secretion of catecholamines
Hypertension
Flushing
↑ urine catecholamines
short lasting cortisones
hydrocortisone
Prednisone
Long lasting cortisones
Dexamethasone
