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Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

Bethanechol

A

increase GI motility,

but relaxes sphincters

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2
Q

Cevimeline/Evoxac

A

cholinergic agonist use to treat

xerostomia in Sjögren’s syndrome

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3
Q

Pilocarpine/Salagen

A

cholinergic agonist used to treat xerostomia amer radiotherapy

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4
Q

Where are the preganglionic cell bodies of the PS system

A

Craniosacral region

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5
Q

What neurotransmitter is used by both symp and para pre-ganglionic fibers

A

ACh

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6
Q

Motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle act via what type of receptors

A

Nicotinin

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7
Q

NE and EPI act on what kind of receptors

A

alpha

Beta

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8
Q

DA activates what type of receptors

A

D1
Alpha
Beta

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9
Q

ACh acts on what type of receptors on somatic muscles

A

Nicotinic

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10
Q

What are three agonists for PS system that act on the M receptors

A

ACh
Bethanechol
Pilocarpine

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11
Q

What are two antagonists that act on the PS system on M receptors

A

Atropine

Scopolamine

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12
Q

What increases when agonist acts on PSNS M receptors

A

Stomach acid secretion

Secretory gland secretion

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13
Q

What does Pilocarpine do

A

Used for glaucoma, contract irises

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14
Q

What are two classes of neuromuscular blockers

A

Depolarizing (non-competitive)

Non-depoparizing

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15
Q

Name of a depolarizing Neuromuscular blocker

A

Succinylcholine

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16
Q

Name of a non-depolarizing NM blocker

A

Tubocurare

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17
Q

How does a depolarizing NM blocker work

A

depolarizes the NM endplate; opens and keeps NIC channels such that neuron is unresponsive to another ACh challenge

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18
Q

How does a non-depolarizing NM blocker work

A

Competes with ACh at nicotinic receptors

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19
Q

What is the effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

ie: physostigmine

A

It will deactivate acetylcholinesterase, allowing ACh to build and bind to nicotinic receptors and overpower Tubocurare.

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20
Q

What is the antidote for a cholinesterase inhibitor

A

Atropine

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21
Q

What are three examples o AChE inhibitors

A

Physostigmine
Donepezil
Sarin

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22
Q

What are the effects of Physostigmine

A

AChE inhibitor
short duration of action, used for glaucoma
Antidote for atropine

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23
Q

What are the effects of Donepezil (Aricept)

A

AChE inhibitor.

Extended duration of action, used to treat Alzheimer’s

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24
Q

What are the effects of Sarin

A

Irreversible
long duration of action
nerve gas

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25
What does botulism toxin do
Prevents release of ACh
26
What are two cholinergic agents (agonists) used in dentistry
Cevimeline (Evoxac); Sjogren's xerostomia | Pilocarpine (Salagen); Radiotherapy xerostomia
27
Epi binds more readily to what receptors
Alpha 1 Alpha 2 Beta 2
28
Epi and NE bind equally to what receptor
beta 1
29
What are two alpha 1 agonists
Epi | Phenylephrine
30
What are the effects of alpha 1 agonists
radial muscle of iris; CONTRACT genitourinary and GI sphincters; CONTRACT VASCULATURE; CONSTRICT
31
What is an example of an alpha I blocker
Prazosin; used to treat hypertension
32
What are three alpha two agonists
Epi>NE Clonidine Guanfacine
33
What are the effects of alpha 2 agonists
VASCULATURE; CONSTRICT NE terminals; decrease NE release brainstem; decrease NE release Blood pressure; decrease
34
What are two Beta 1 agonists
Epi=NE | Isoproterenol
35
What is affected by beta 1 receptors
Heart rate
36
What is the effect of Beta 1 agonists on the heart
``` Increase in: HR Automaticity Conduction, Velocity Contractility ```
37
If it end in olol is most likely a
beta blocker
38
What is one example of a beta 1 and beta 2 antagonist (beta blocker)
Propranolol
39
What are four examples of beta 2 agoinists
EPI>NE Isoproterenol Albuterol Terbutaline
40
``` What are the effects of Beta 2 agonists on: Ciliary muscle Vascular Lungs (tracheal and smooth muscle) Urinary bladder and uterine wall ```
Ciliary muscle; relaxation for far vision Vascular; relaxation, vasodilate Lungs (tracheal and smooth muscle); relaxation Urinary bladder and uterine wall; relaxation
41
Where are beta 3 located and what affinity does it have
adipose tissue | NE>EPI
42
The iris radial muscle contracts (dilates eye) as an effect of _____ on what receptor
Sympathetic activity on alpha 1 receptors
43
The iris circular muscle contracts (contracted pupil) as an effect of _____ on what receptor
Parasympathetic activity on Muscarinic receptors
44
Parasympathetics act on the heart via ___ receptors
muscarinic
45
Sympathetics act on skeletal muscle vessels via ____receptors, making them ______
Beta 2 | Relax
46
Sympathetics act on skin, splanchnic vessels via ____receptors, making them ______
Alpha | Contract
47
Sympathetics act on bronchiolar smooth muscle via ____receptors, making them ______
Beta 2 | relax
48
Sympathetics act on walls of GI tract via ____receptors, making them ______
Alpha 2 Beta 2 relax
49
Sympathetics act on sphincters of the GI via ____receptors, making them ______
Alpha 1 | contract
50
``` Parasympathetics act on walls sphincters secretions of the GI via ____receptors, making them ______ ```
walls; contract Sphincters: relax Secretions; increase Muscarinic
51
``` Sympathetics act on genitourinary smooth muscle Bladder walls Sphincter Uterus, pregnant Penis, seminal vesicles via ____receptors, making them ______ ```
Bladder walls; beta 2; relax; Sphincter; alpha 1; contract; Uterus, pregnant; beta 2; relax Penis, seminal vesicles; alpha; ejaculation
52
``` Parasympathetics act on genitourinary smooth muscle Bladder walls Sphincter Penis, seminal vesicles via ____receptors, making them ______ ```
Bladder walls; M; contract; Sphincter; M; relax; Penis, seminal vesicles; M; erection
53
Sympathetics act on skin pilomotor smooth muscle | via ____receptors, making them ______
alpha | Contracts
54
Sympathetics act on skin eccrine via ____receptors, making them ______
Muscarinic | Increases
55
Sympathetics act on skin apocrine (stress) via ____receptors, making them ______
Alpha | Increase
56
``` Sympathetics act on metabolic functions of Liver Fat cells Kidney via ____receptors, making them ______ ```
Liver; B2, alpha; Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis Fat cells; B3; Lipolysis Kidney; B1; Renin release
57
In the kidney, what releases DA
Sympathetic nerve terminals
58
What is the name of a D1 agonist
fenoldapan
59
What does D1 agonist do in the kidney
Increase renal blood flow | GFR and sodium secetion
60
What does D1 agonist do to vasculature and heart
``` Vasodilation; renal cerebral cardiac mesenteric vasculature ```
61
What does a D2 agonist (DA) do to post ganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals
decrease neurotransmitter release
62
What does a D2 agonist do in the chemoreceptor trigger zone
Nausea and vomiting
63
What are five therapeutic uses of epi
``` Bronchospasms Anaphylaxis Restore function in cardiac arrest Treat open angle glaucoma Prolong action of local anesthetics ```
64
What are four cardiac side effects of epi
Increased HR palpitations arrhythmias anginal pain
65
What are some vascular side effects of epi
Increased TPR leading to pallor | Increased BP
66
What are some respiratory side effects of epi
Increased TPR can lead to pulmonary edema

HD&T (19 decks)

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