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HD&T > Autonomics > Flashcards

Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

Bethanechol

A

increase GI motility,

but relaxes sphincters

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2
Q

Cevimeline/Evoxac

A

cholinergic agonist use to treat

xerostomia in Sjögren’s syndrome

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3
Q

Pilocarpine/Salagen

A

cholinergic agonist used to treat xerostomia amer radiotherapy

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4
Q

Where are the preganglionic cell bodies of the PS system

A

Craniosacral region

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5
Q

What neurotransmitter is used by both symp and para pre-ganglionic fibers

A

ACh

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6
Q

Motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle act via what type of receptors

A

Nicotinin

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7
Q

NE and EPI act on what kind of receptors

A

alpha

Beta

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8
Q

DA activates what type of receptors

A

D1
Alpha
Beta

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9
Q

ACh acts on what type of receptors on somatic muscles

A

Nicotinic

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10
Q

What are three agonists for PS system that act on the M receptors

A

ACh
Bethanechol
Pilocarpine

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11
Q

What are two antagonists that act on the PS system on M receptors

A

Atropine

Scopolamine

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12
Q

What increases when agonist acts on PSNS M receptors

A

Stomach acid secretion

Secretory gland secretion

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13
Q

What does Pilocarpine do

A

Used for glaucoma, contract irises

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14
Q

What are two classes of neuromuscular blockers

A

Depolarizing (non-competitive)

Non-depoparizing

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15
Q

Name of a depolarizing Neuromuscular blocker

A

Succinylcholine

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16
Q

Name of a non-depolarizing NM blocker

A

Tubocurare

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17
Q

How does a depolarizing NM blocker work

A

depolarizes the NM endplate; opens and keeps NIC channels such that neuron is unresponsive to another ACh challenge

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18
Q

How does a non-depolarizing NM blocker work

A

Competes with ACh at nicotinic receptors

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19
Q

What is the effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

ie: physostigmine

A

It will deactivate acetylcholinesterase, allowing ACh to build and bind to nicotinic receptors and overpower Tubocurare.

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20
Q

What is the antidote for a cholinesterase inhibitor

A

Atropine

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21
Q

What are three examples o AChE inhibitors

A

Physostigmine
Donepezil
Sarin

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22
Q

What are the effects of Physostigmine

A

AChE inhibitor
short duration of action, used for glaucoma
Antidote for atropine

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23
Q

What are the effects of Donepezil (Aricept)

A

AChE inhibitor.

Extended duration of action, used to treat Alzheimer’s

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24
Q

What are the effects of Sarin

A

Irreversible
long duration of action
nerve gas

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25
Q

What does botulism toxin do

A

Prevents release of ACh

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26
Q

What are two cholinergic agents (agonists) used in dentistry

A

Cevimeline (Evoxac); Sjogren’s xerostomia

Pilocarpine (Salagen); Radiotherapy xerostomia

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27
Q

Epi binds more readily to what receptors

A

Alpha 1
Alpha 2
Beta 2

28
Q

Epi and NE bind equally to what receptor

A

beta 1

29
Q

What are two alpha 1 agonists

A

Epi

Phenylephrine

30
Q

What are the effects of alpha 1 agonists

A

radial muscle of iris; CONTRACT
genitourinary and GI sphincters; CONTRACT
VASCULATURE; CONSTRICT

31
Q

What is an example of an alpha I blocker

A

Prazosin; used to treat hypertension

32
Q

What are three alpha two agonists

A

Epi>NE
Clonidine
Guanfacine

33
Q

What are the effects of alpha 2 agonists

A

VASCULATURE; CONSTRICT
NE terminals; decrease NE release
brainstem; decrease NE release
Blood pressure; decrease

34
Q

What are two Beta 1 agonists

A

Epi=NE

Isoproterenol

35
Q

What is affected by beta 1 receptors

A

Heart rate

36
Q

What is the effect of Beta 1 agonists on the heart

A 
Increase in:
HR
Automaticity 
Conduction, 
Velocity 
Contractility
37
Q

If it end in olol is most likely a

A

beta blocker

38
Q

What is one example of a beta 1 and beta 2 antagonist (beta blocker)

A

Propranolol

39
Q

What are four examples of beta 2 agoinists

A

EPI>NE
Isoproterenol
Albuterol
Terbutaline

40
Q 
What are the effects of Beta 2 agonists on:
Ciliary muscle
Vascular
Lungs (tracheal and smooth muscle)
Urinary bladder and uterine wall
A

Ciliary muscle; relaxation for far vision
Vascular; relaxation, vasodilate
Lungs (tracheal and smooth muscle); relaxation
Urinary bladder and uterine wall; relaxation

41
Q

Where are beta 3 located and what affinity does it have

A

adipose tissue

NE>EPI

42
Q

The iris radial muscle contracts (dilates eye) as an effect of _____ on what receptor

A

Sympathetic activity on alpha 1 receptors

43
Q

The iris circular muscle contracts (contracted pupil) as an effect of _____ on what receptor

A

Parasympathetic activity on Muscarinic receptors

44
Q

Parasympathetics act on the heart via ___ receptors

A

muscarinic

45
Q

Sympathetics act on skeletal muscle vessels via ____receptors, making them ______

A

Beta 2

Relax

46
Q

Sympathetics act on skin, splanchnic vessels via ____receptors, making them ______

A

Alpha

Contract

47
Q

Sympathetics act on bronchiolar smooth muscle via ____receptors, making them ______

A

Beta 2

relax

48
Q

Sympathetics act on walls of GI tract via ____receptors, making them ______

A

Alpha 2
Beta 2
relax

49
Q

Sympathetics act on sphincters of the GI via ____receptors, making them ______

A

Alpha 1

contract

50
Q 
Parasympathetics act on  
walls
sphincters 
secretions
of the GI via \_\_\_\_receptors, making them \_\_\_\_\_\_
A

walls; contract
Sphincters: relax
Secretions; increase
Muscarinic

51
Q 
Sympathetics act on genitourinary smooth muscle 
Bladder walls 
Sphincter
Uterus, pregnant 
Penis, seminal vesicles 
 via \_\_\_\_receptors, making them \_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Bladder walls; beta 2; relax;
Sphincter; alpha 1; contract;
Uterus, pregnant; beta 2; relax
Penis, seminal vesicles; alpha; ejaculation

52
Q 
Parasympathetics act on genitourinary smooth muscle 
Bladder walls 
Sphincter
Penis, seminal vesicles 
 via \_\_\_\_receptors, making them \_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Bladder walls; M; contract;
Sphincter; M; relax;
Penis, seminal vesicles; M; erection

53
Q

Sympathetics act on skin pilomotor smooth muscle

via ____receptors, making them ______

A

alpha

Contracts

54
Q

Sympathetics act on skin eccrine via ____receptors, making them ______

A

Muscarinic

Increases

55
Q

Sympathetics act on skin apocrine (stress) via ____receptors, making them ______

A

Alpha

Increase

56
Q 
Sympathetics act on metabolic functions of 
Liver 
Fat cells
Kidney
 via \_\_\_\_receptors, making them \_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Liver; B2, alpha; Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis
Fat cells; B3; Lipolysis
Kidney; B1; Renin release

57
Q

In the kidney, what releases DA

A

Sympathetic nerve terminals

58
Q

What is the name of a D1 agonist

A

fenoldapan

59
Q

What does D1 agonist do in the kidney

A

Increase renal blood flow

GFR and sodium secetion

60
Q

What does D1 agonist do to vasculature and heart

A 
Vasodilation; 
renal
cerebral
cardiac
mesenteric
vasculature
61
Q

What does a D2 agonist (DA) do to post ganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals

A

decrease neurotransmitter release

62
Q

What does a D2 agonist do in the chemoreceptor trigger zone

A

Nausea and vomiting

63
Q

What are five therapeutic uses of epi

A 
Bronchospasms
Anaphylaxis
Restore function in cardiac arrest
Treat open angle glaucoma
Prolong action of local anesthetics
64
Q

What are four cardiac side effects of epi

A

Increased HR
palpitations
arrhythmias
anginal pain

65
Q

What are some vascular side effects of epi

A

Increased TPR leading to pallor

Increased BP

66
Q

What are some respiratory side effects of epi

A

Increased TPR can lead to pulmonary edema

HD&T (19 decks)

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