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Psychology > Psychopathology > Flashcards

Psychopathology Flashcards

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1
Q

Definitions of abnormality

A

Statistical Infrequency
Deviation from social norms
Failure to function adequately
Deviation from ideal mental health

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2
Q

Statistical infrequency evaluation

A

fails to distinguish between desirable & undesirable behaviours

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3
Q

Deviation from social norms evaluation

A

Fails to consider the importance of context

Social norms can change with time

Complicated by cultural differences

Social deviancy isn’t necessarily a bad thing

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4
Q

Failure to function adequately - SMUVICOD

A

Suffering
Maladaptiveness
Unpredictable + loss of control
Vividness
Irrational
Causes Observer Discomfort

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5
Q

Failure to function adequately evaluation

A

Behaviour which appears dysfunctional may actuallly be functional for that person

Many people engage in maladaptive behaviour which is considered normal

Sometimes it is normal to struggle

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6
Q

Deviation from ideal mental health evaluation

A

Criteria too ideal

Assumes physical and mental disorders are the same

Uses perceptions of what is desirable rather than what is not

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7
Q

Phobias - emotional symptoms

A

anxiety

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8
Q

Phobias - cognitive symptoms

A

selective attention to phobic stimmulus
Hard to divert attention

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9
Q

Phobias - Behavioural symptoms

A

B - Panic, avoidance, endurance

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10
Q

Depression - Emotional symptoms

A

low mood
anger
low self-esteem

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11
Q

Depression - Cognitive symptoms

A

Poor concentration

Dwelling on the negative

Absolutust thinking

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12
Q

Depression - Behavioural symptoms

A

Activity levels

Abnormal Sleep + eating behaviour

Aggression + self harm

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13
Q

OCD emotional symptoms

A

Anxiety

Depression

Guilt + disgust

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14
Q

OCD cognitive symptoms

A

Obsessive thoughts

Coping mechanism

Insight into execessive anxiety

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15
Q

OCD behavioural symptoms

A

Compulsions, avoidance

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16
Q

Assumptions of the behaviourist approach

A

‘tabula rasa’ - blank slate
observable behaviour
animal studies
lab experients

17
Q

How are phobias explained?

A

learnt through classical conditioning
Maintained through operant conditioning

18
Q

Phobias - little Albert

A

9 month old Albert
present rat with loud bang
Albert developed fear of rats

19
Q

Little Albert - evaluation

A

Application - exposure therapy
No cognitive aspects
Link between trauma and phobias - weak

20
Q

Systematic desensitisation

A

reduces phobia through classical conditioning

Anxiety hierarchy

Relies on a clients ability to image a situation

21
Q

Flooding

A

Immediate exposure to phobic stimulus

Client achieves relaxation due to exhaustion from response

22
Q

Cognitive Approach Assumptions

A

Mediational processes
Models
Inference
Schema
Mental processes can be studied scientifically

23
Q

Machine reductionism evaluation

A

Overly simplistic
Ignores emotion
Allows us to scientifically study

24
Q

Musturbatory thinking

A

Source of irrational beliefs
Absolutist thinking

25
Q

Ellis’ ABC

A

Activating event
Belief - irrational
Consequence emotion

26
Q

Beck’s 123

A
  1. Negative Self Schema
  2. Faulty Information Processing
  3. The cognitive triad
27
Q

The cognitive Triad

A

Thought, Emotion, Behaviour

28
Q

CBT

A
  1. Behavioural action
  2. Thought catching
  3. Client as scientist
29
Q

length of CBT

A

20 sessions over 16 weeks

30
Q

REBT

A

Empirical argument - evidence
Logical argument - thought -> fact
Pragmatic display - Usefulness of self-debilitating belief

31
Q

2 genes involved in OCD

A

SERT
COMT

32
Q

Role of orbito-frontal cortex in OCD

A

Irrational thought

33
Q

Thalamus - OCD

A

detects threat

34
Q

basil ganglia - OCD

A

movement

35
Q

caudate nucleus - OCD

A

suppresses unwanted thought

36
Q

How do SSRIs work?

A

block serotonin reuptake in the synapse

37
Q

Brain Injury to which area may cause someone to develop OCD symptoms?

A

Basil Ganglia

Psychology (11 decks)

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