Approaches

Question 1

Defence mechanisms

Answer 1

Repression

Denial

Displacement

Question 2

ID

Answer 2

Operates on the plesure principle

Entirely selfish and concerned with immediate gratification

Question 3

Superego

Answer 3

Suppresses and controls ID

Morality principle

Identifying with and internalising the moral and values of the same sex parent

Question 4

Cause of a weak superego

Answer 4

Same-sex parent absent in phallic stage

Question 5

How did Freud define the unconscious mind?

Answer 5

A vast storehouse of biological drives and instincts that has a significant influence on our behaviour and personality

Question 6

Id principle

Answer 6

Pleasure principle

Question 7

What part of the tripartite personality did Freud believe babies to be born with?

Answer 7

id - describing babies as ‘bundles of id’

Question 8

Role of the id

Answer 8

Entirely selfish and demands immediate gratification throughout life

Question 9

Parapraxes

Answer 9

Slips of the tongue - for example, calling a female teacher ‘mum’

Question 10

When are repressed memories accessed?

Answer 10

Dreams and parapraxes (slips of the tongue)

Question 11

Preconscious

Answer 11

Thoughts and memories which are not currently in our conscious mind but can be accessed if desired

Question 12

When does the ego develop?

Answer 12

Around age 2

Question 13

Ego principle

Answer 13

Reality principle

Question 14

Role of the ego

Answer 14

Reduce conflict between the id and superego through the use of defence mechanisms

Question 15

When does the superego develop?

Answer 15

Around age 5 - towards the end of the phallic stage

Question 16

Superego principle

Answer 16

Morality principle

Question 17

Role of superego

Answer 17

Internalised sense of right and wrong

Represents moral standards of the childs same-gender parent and punishes the ego for wrongdoing

Question 18

Oral stage - age, description, consequence

Answer 18

0-1

Focus of pleasure is the mouth and the object of desire is the mothers breasts

Consequence - oral fixation

Question 19

Anal stage - age, description, consequence

Answer 19

1-3

Focus of pleasure is the anus, particularly withholding and expelling faeces

Consequence - anally retentive/expulsive

Question 20

Phallic stage - age, description, consequence

Answer 20

3-6

Genitals

Consequence - phallic personality, narcissistic, reckless

Question 21

Latency stage

Answer 21

Earlier conflicts are repressed

Question 22

Genital stage - age, description, consequence

Answer 22

Puberty

Sexual desires become conscious

Consequence - difficulty forming heterosexual relationships

Question 23

What was psychoanalysis the first attempt at?

Answer 23

The first attempt to treat mental disorders psychologically, rather than physically

Question 24

How did psychoanalysis work?

Answer 24

A range of techniques designed to access the unconscious, such as dream analysis

Helps the patient by bringing repressed emotions into their conscious mind, so that they can be dealt with

Question 25

How might psychoanalysis be harmful and inappropriate for a patient with a more serious mental disorder such as schizophrenia?

Answer 25

Many of the symptoms associated with schizophrenia, such as paranoia and delusional thinking, means that those with the disorder have lost their grip on reality and cannot articulate their thoughts in a way required in psychotherapy

Question 26

In what time period was Freud a key force in psychology?

Answer 26

1st half of the 20th century

Question 27

What has the psychodynamic approach been used to explain?

Answer 27

Origins of psychological disorders, moral development & gender identity

Drawing attention between childhood experiences and later development

Question 28

What has Freus has a positive impact on?

Answer 28

Psychology, literature, art and explaining human behaviours

Question 29

Which philosopher argued that the psychodynamic approach does not meet the scientific criteria of being falsifiable and is not open to empirical testing?

Answer 29

Karl Popper

Question 30

Why is Freuds theory considered a pseudoscience?

Answer 30

Not falsifiable or open to empirical testing

Attempts to make nomothetic laws out of idiographic case studies

Question 31

Freud - psychic determinism

Answer 31

Most of our behaviour is determined by unconscious conflicts rooted in childhood, and there is no such thing as an accident

even ‘slips of the tongue’ are druven by unconscious firces and have deep meaning

Question 32

Humanistic psychology

Answer 32

an approach for understanding behaviour which emphasizes the importance of subjective experience and each person’s capacity for self-determination

Question 33

Free will

Answer 33

The notion that humans can make choices and are not determined by internal biological or external forces

Question 34

Self-actualisation

Answer 34

The desire to grow psychologically and fulfill ones full potential - becoming what you are capable of

Question 35

Hierarchy of needs

Answer 35

A 5 level hierarchy in which basic physiological needs must be satisfied before higher psychological needs can be achieved

Question 36

Self

Answer 36

The ideas and values which characterise ‘ i’ and ‘me’ and includes perception and valuing of ‘what I am’ and ‘what I can do’

Question 37

Congruence

Answer 37

The aim of Rogerian therapy, when the self-concept and ideal self are seen to broadly accord or match

Question 38

Conditions of worth

Answer 38

When a parent places limits or boundaries on their love of their children.