Psychopathology

Question 1

Schema

Answer 1

Mental pigeon hole.
Allows us to process sensory information and make automatic response

Question 2

Overgeneralisation

Answer 2

One negative experience will result in assumption that the same thing will always happen

Question 3

Selective abstraction

Answer 3

mentally filtering out positive experiences and just focusing on negative

Question 4

Aaron Beck-
negative cognitive triad

Answer 4

The self
The future
The world (cognitive triangle)

Question 5

Cognitive triangle

Answer 5

Thoughts
behaviour
Feelings

Due to faulty thinking (cognitive primacy)

Question 6

Statistical infrequency

Answer 6

Numerically rare characteristics measured

Question 7

Deviation from social norms

Answer 7

Unwritten rule of what is acceptable in society

Question 8

Failure to function adequately

Answer 8

Someone is not capable of everyday life and independence
Irrational behaviours cause distress for others

Question 9

Deviation from ideal mental health

Answer 9

Loss of characteristics of good mental health

Question 10

6 Characteristics of ideal mental health

Answer 10

Positive view of yourself
Capable of personal growth
Independent from others
Accurate view of reality
Resist stress
Master own environment

Question 11

Specific phobias

Answer 11

Fear of objects, experience, situation

Question 12

Social phobias

Answer 12

Fear of social situations

Question 13

Agoraphobia

Answer 13

Fear of being outside

Question 14

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

Answer 14

Aquire fear by associative learning
Neutral stimulus + unconditioned stimulus = conditioned stimulus + conditioned response

Question 15

Counter conditioning

Answer 15

Conditioning of unwanted behaviour into wanted behaviour by associating positive action with stimulus

Question 16

Systematic desensitisation

Answer 16

ANXIETY HIERARCHY: phobias ranked from least to most stressful
RELAXATION TRAINING: taught relaxation techniques
GRADUAL EXPOSURE: reciprocal inhibition (remain relaxed) in presence of least feared stimulus and progress to most feared stimulus

Question 17

Flooding

Answer 17

Exposes individual to anxiety inducing stimulus immediately
NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
Extinction
Exhaustion

Question 18

Cognitive behavioural therapy

Answer 18

Treats depression.
Replace irrational thoughts with positive thoughts

Question 19

ABC Model

Answer 19

(Ellis)
Activating event

Beliefs

Consequence

Question 20

OCD

Answer 20

Faulty biological processes (biological approach)
Inherited faulty genes (genetic explanation)

Question 21

Neural explanation of OCD

Answer 21

BASAL GANGLIA distributes serotonin controlling cognitive functions and damaging this causes OCD

Question 22

The worry circuit

Answer 22

Orbitofrontal cortex receives signals that are stopped or passed on to THALAMUS which directs them around body

Question 23

What drug treats OCD?

Answer 23

SSRI. Force serotonin to remain in synaptic gap and more likely to bind to receptor
New action potential inhibited

Question 24

What is the stress hormone?

Answer 24

Cortisol

Question 25

A fear of germs and fixing this by excessively washing hands

Answer 25

Obsession fixed by compulsion

Question 26

Type of depression occurring with no activation event

Answer 26

Endogenous depression

Question 27

Reciprocal inhibition

Answer 27

You can’t feel two antagonistic emotions simultaneously
Counter condition to phobia by holding object eg

Question 28

Reciprocal inhibition

Answer 28

You can’t feel two antagonistic emotions simultaneously
Counter condition to phobia by holding object eg