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A Level Psychology > Paper2 Biopsychology > Flashcards

Paper2 Biopsychology Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous system

A

Nerve cells that transmit messages between parts of the body

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2
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord
Conscious

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3
Q

Peripheral nervous systems

A

Sensory neurons to CNS
motor neurons away from CNS

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4
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Controls muscle movement
Conscious

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5
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Controls actions of glands and internal organs
Motor pathways only
Unconscious

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6
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Travel towards CNS

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7
Q

Relay neurons

A

Sensory and motor communication
Not myelinated

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8
Q

Motor neurons

A

Attached to muscle glands (effector)
Away from CNS

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9
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Stimulates release of hormones from pituitary gland

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10
Q

Pituitary gland

A

ACTH hormone
Releases cortisol as stress response

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11
Q

Pineal gland

A

Hormone melatonin
Biological rhythms like sleep

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12
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Hormone thyroxine
Regulates metabolism

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13
Q

Adrenal gland

A

Adrenaline and noradrenaline hormones
Fight or flight

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14
Q

Ovaries

A

Oestrogen, LH, FSH
Regulates female productivity system

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15
Q

Testes

A

Testosterone
Male growth and characteristics

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16
Q

Amygdala

A

Limbic system activated and sends distress signal to hypothalamus

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17
Q

What does the hypothalamus activate?

A

Sympathomedullary pathway (SAM)

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18
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system stimulate?

A

Adrenal medulla part of the adrenal gland

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19
Q

Localisation of the brain

A

Different areas of the brain deal with different cortical functions

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20
Q

Gyrus

A

Ridge

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21
Q

Sulcus

A

Trough

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22
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Joins left and right side of brain

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23
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Higher brain function
4 lobes

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24
Q

Limbic system

A

“Emotion brain”
Regulates autonomic and endocrine functions in response to emotions

25
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordinates voluntary movement

26
Q

Brain stem

A

Regulates important function

27
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Motor cortex
Brocas area
Association cortex

28
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Somatosensory cortex
Association cortex

29
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Visual cortex

30
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Auditory cortex
Wernickes area

31
Q

Ultradian rhythm

A

Repeats more than every 24 hours

32
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

Repeats every 24 hours

33
Q

Infradian rhythm

A

Repeats less that every 24 hours

34
Q

Temporal resolution

A

Level of accuracy identifying exact location of brain

35
Q

Spatial resolution

A

Level of accuracy identifying location of brain activity in a space

36
Q

Endogenous pacemaker

A

Body’s biological clock

37
Q

Exogenous zeitgeber

A

Changes in environment

38
Q

Plasticity

A

Brain adapts to change in environment
Function and structure

39
Q

(FRAT) Step 1
Denervation super sensitivity

A

Transfer of functions from damaged area to undamaged area

40
Q

(FRAT) Step 2
Neuronal unmasking

A

Nearby damage is compensated for by synapse

41
Q

(FRAT) Step 3
Axon sprouting

A

New nerve endings connect with undamaged cells
New connections activated

42
Q

Synaptic pruning

A

Synapses used frequently become stronger overtime

43
Q

Grey matter

A

Contains cell bodies

44
Q

White matter

A

Myelinated axons

45
Q

Broca’s area

A

Speech production

Frontal lobe

46
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Speech comprehension

Temporal lobe

47
Q

Hemispheric lateralisation

A

Each halve of brain is functionally different

48
Q

Left brain

49
Q

Right brain

A

Visual motor tasks

50
Q

Acute stress

A

Form of stress as a response to immediate pressures

51
Q

Chronic stress

A

Long term form of stress
Emotional pressure

52
Q

Fight or flight response

A

Stressful situation

Hypothalamus activates sympathedullary pathway (SAM) in the SNS

Adrenal medulla in adrenal gland stimulated

Adrenaline secreted into bloodstream

53
Q

Androcentrism

A

Theories based on only men

54
Q

Beta bias

A

Theories that ignore sex differences

55
Q

Depolarisation

A

Positively changed ions into cell so closer to threshold
Excitatory neurotransmitters

56
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Fight or flight

57
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Rest and digest

58
Q

Hyperpolarisation

A

More negative charge so further from threshold
Inhibitory neurotransmitters

59
Q

Hyperpolarisation

A

More negative charge so further from threshold
Inhibitory neurotransmitters

A Level Psychology (12 decks)

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