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A Level Psychology > Paper3 Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Paper3 Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

Positive symptoms

A

Additional experience

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2
Q

Negative symptoms

A

Loss of usual ability

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3
Q

Hallucinations

A

Sensory experience of things that aren’t there

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4
Q

Delusions

A

Irrational beliefs of grandiose or religion or paranoia

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5
Q

Speech disorganisation

A

Changing topic of conversation quickly

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6
Q

Catatonia

A

Unusual movement

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7
Q

Flat affect

A

Lack of emotional expression

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8
Q

Avolition

A

Lack of motivation

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9
Q

Polygenic

A

Two or more genes determine disorder

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10
Q

Aetiologically heterogenous

A

Number of different combinations of genes that lead to illness

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11
Q

RIPKE(2014)

A

108 genetic loci associated with schizophrenia
Suggests aetiologically heterogenous disorder

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12
Q

External reliability

A

Consistency of results from test when repeated

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13
Q

Inter rater reliability

A

Consistency of investigators observing study

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14
Q

Validity of schizophrenia

A

Extent to which it is a syndrome with specific characteristics or mixture of other disorders

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15
Q

Validity of diagnosis

A

Are we correctly diagnosing disorder

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16
Q

BUCKLEY

A

Simultaneous presence of disorders with schizophrenia
50% depression
20% OCD

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17
Q

Candidate Gene

A

Chromosomal location associated with disease

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18
Q

Genetics

A

Study of genes
Carry information from one generation to another

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19
Q

Neutral correlates

A

Brain activity corresponds with behaviour

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20
Q

Dopamine

A

Neurotransmitter for pleasure

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21
Q

Concordance rate

A

Percentage of cases where both members of a pair have a particular attribute

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22
Q

Genetic counselling

A

Understanding genetic illness and how it effects family

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23
Q

Polygenic

A

Phenotype influenced by more than one gene

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24
Q

Superior temporal gyrus

A

Attributes stimuli to internal and external causes of schizophrenia
Activity levels are lower leading to hallucinations

25
Q

Ventral striatum

A

Anticipation of reward
Low activity on schizophrenics so loss of motivation

26
Q

Antipsychotics

A

Medication controls delusions and hallucinations

27
Q

Typical antipsychotics (first generation)

A

Severe side effects
Dry mouth
confusion
Reduced dopamine

28
Q

Atypical antipsychotics (second generation)

A

Blocks dopamine receptors
Acts on other neurotransmitters like serotonin
Addresses negative symptoms
Side effects of weight gain

29
Q

Prefrontal Cortex

A

Logical thinking
So disorganised thoughts due to low activity in schizophrenics

30
Q

Visual cortex and auditory cortex

A

Processes info received by eyes and ears
So auditory hallucinations

31
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Affects movement and thinking skills
So motor dysfunction due to larger size in schizophrenics

32
Q

Amygdala

A

Responsible for fear and lust and hunger
So loss of emotion due to smaller size in schizophrenics

33
Q

Delay discounting

A

Depreciation of value of a reward to time it takes to be released

34
Q

Auditory selective attention

A

Focus on certain stimuli to process info while disregarding other stimuli

36
Q

Alien control symptoms

A

Feelings of control are lost by Szic patient

37
Q

Meta representation

A

Reflecting on thoughts and behaviour and to know the intentions

39
Q

Token economy

A

Reward good behaviour with token that can be exchanged for desire

40
Q

Central control

A

RELEVANT STUDY: Stirling Stroop Test
Suppress automatic responses while performing deliberate action

41
Q

Dysfunctional thought processing

A

Understanding and perception of the world

42
Q

Emotional over involvement

A

Excessive worry/ self sacrifice/ concern

43
Q

Expressed emotion

A

RELEVANT STUDY: Bootzlaff + Hooley
Family dynamic
Hostility, criticism, EOI

44
Q

Double bind

A

Communication style that has opposing message
Disorganised thinking and paranoia

45
Q

Schizophrenic mother

A

Cold and rejecting
Psychotic thinking, delusions

46
Q

Family dysfunction

A

RELEVANT STUDY: Tienari
Sz symptoms due to family relationships

47
Q

Trice dyskinesia

A

Antipsychotic drugs cause this
Rapid and jerky movement

48
Q

Dopamine antagonist

A

Block dopamine receptors eg) chlorpromazine

50
Q

Dependency

A

Predisposition to addiction of schizophrenic

52
Q

Hyperdopaminergia

A

Too much dopamine

53
Q

Hypodopaminergia

A

Too low dopamine

54
Q

Excitatory

A

Promotes action potential

55
Q

Inhibitory

A

Inhibits action potential

56
Q

Neural correlates

A

Distribution of brain activity and biochemistry increasing risk of Sz

57
Q

Dopamine hypothesis

A

RELEVANT STUDY: Leucht
Hyperactivity of D2 receptor
Positive symptom of Sz

58
Q

Prevalence

A

Proportion of population who have a disorder

59
Q

D2 dopamine receptor

A

Sleep, learning, attention, memory

A Level Psychology (12 decks)

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