Paper1 Memory Flashcards
Frontal lobe
Personality stored here
Parietal lobe
Sensory info and movement
Occipital lobe
Vision
Temporal lobe
Speaking and language
Memory
Ability to retain knowledge
Short term memory
Information recalled for immediate use after short period of time
Storage 18-30 secs
Capacity 7+/-2
Coding acoustic
Long term memory
Information stored to retrieve at a later point
Unlimited capacity
Unlimited duration
Coding semantic
Capacity
Amount of information that can be held in a store at one time
Duration
Length of time memories can be held for
Encoding
Information represented in memory store
Eg) acoustic/ecoic. Visual/iconic,semantic
Spontaneous decay
Memory trace disappears if not rehearsed
Displacement
Short term memory has limited capacity
New info pushes out current info
Multi store model of memory
Explanation of how memory processes work by linking STM and LTM via attention, rehearsal and retrieval
Atkinson and Shiffrin(1968)
Sensory register
Duration less that half a second
Processes stimuli from the environment
Iconic and echoic stores
Huge capacity
Maintenance rehearsal
Repeating information to ourselves repeatedly
Helps memory consolidation
Central executive
Processes info in all sensory forms directing it to appropriate component
Separated into sub-components
Limited capacity
Phonological loop
Processes auditory information
Two sub systems: acoustic store
Articulatory process
Visio spatial sketchpad
Temporarily stores visual and spatial information
(Visual cache and inner scribe)
Coded and rehearsed through mental pictures
Episodic buffer
Stores visual and acoustic info until recalled
Added in 2000 (Baddeley)
Episodic memory
Ability to learn and store and retrieve personal experiences
Conscious recall
Unconsciously learnt
Procedural memory
Process of retrieval to perform a learnt skill
Unconscious recall
Consciously learnt
Semantic memory
Conscious LTM for meaning and understanding and concepts
Damage to hippocampus means difficulty remembering
Spontaneous decay
Memory trace disappears if not rehearsed
Displacement
STM has limited capacity and new information replaces old information
Interference
Two pieces of information interfere with eachother
Proactive interference
Old info interferes with new info
Retroactive interference
New info interferes with old info
Context cues
Learn info
State cues
Recall
Encoding sufficiency principle (ESP)
Cue has to be present at encoding and at retrieval to help with recall
Tulving (1983)
Implicit memory (LTM)
Memories that are not part of our consciousness
Formed from behaviour
Procedural memory
Explicit (declarative) memory (LTM)
Conscious recall of facts and events
Splits into episodic and semantic memory
Procedural memory
Stored information about how to do things
Unconscious
Semantic memory
Knowledge about Language
Episodic memory
Information about personal experience and visual imagery
Primacy effect
Tendency to remember words from beginning to end
Recency effect
Tendency to remember words from the end
Time sensitivity
Interference less likely when large gap between learning
Similarity
Response competition so interference more likely to occur if info is similar
Cue dependent forgetting
LTM info forgotten due to lack of cues
Context dependent cues
Environment works as cues to memory
