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A Level Psychology > Paper2 Approaches > Flashcards

Paper2 Approaches Flashcards

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1
Q

Environmental determinism

A

Behaviour is a result of experience

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2
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Adding positive stimulus to encourage desired behaviour

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3
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Removing unpleasant stimulus to encourage behaviour

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4
Q

Positive punishment

A

Adding unpleasant stimulus following undesired behaviour

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5
Q

Negative punishment

A

Removing positive stimulus

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6
Q

SLT definition

A

Learning behaviour by observing it happen in a social context

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7
Q

Vicarious reinforcement

A

Watching someone else get punished for action so less likely to adopt behaviour

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8
Q

Modelling

A

People we want to learn behaviours from

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9
Q

Identification

A

Imitating models with similar characteristics to oneself

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10
Q

Mediational processes

A

Attention
Retention
Reproduction
Motivation

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11
Q

Conscious

A

Thoughts we are aware of

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12
Q

Preconscious

A

Thoughts that are not immediately accessible but bought into conscious awareness

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13
Q

id

A

Survival
Selfish needs and desires
At birth

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14
Q

Ego

A

Reality principle
Mediator

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15
Q

Superego

A

Morality principle
Guilt
Moderate behaviour to moral expectations

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16
Q

Oral stage

A

0-1year
Fixation results in immature personality

17
Q

Anal stage

A

1-3year
Too strict at potty training results in retentive personality

18
Q

Phallic stage

A

3-6year
Imitates gather behaviour
Penis envy
Boys have sexual desire for their mother

19
Q

Defence mechanisms

A

Ego managing unresolvable problems
Denial
Displacement
Repression

20
Q

Maslows hierarchy

A

Top:
Self actualisation
Esteem needs
Love and belongings
Safety
Physiological needs

21
Q

Genotypes

A

Genetic code for characterises

22
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical expression for genotype

23
Q

Congruence

A

Carl Rogers
Self image and ideal self aligns

24
Q

Congruence

A

Carl Rogers
Self image and ideal self aligns

25
Q

Electra complex/ Oedipus complex

A

Girls want fathers affection
Boys fight for their mother

26
Q

Discrimination

A

Learning to differentiate between similar conditioned stimuli (CS)

27
Q

Extinction

A

Conditioned stimulus (CS) no longer paired with unconditioned stimulus (UCS) response will cease

28
Q

Generalisation

A

Conditioned response (CR) drawn out by stimulus simillar to CS

29
Q

Spontaneous recovery

A

After extinction it takes a few pairings of UCS and CS for CR to reappear

30
Q

Higher order conditioning

A

Neutral stimulus draws out conditioned response (CR)

31
Q

Assimilation

A

New information is added

32
Q

Accommodation

A

New schema formed for information

33
Q

Materialism

A

Every cognitive process is linked to brain activity

A Level Psychology (9 decks)

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