Psychology Of Risk

Question 1

What is a risk

Answer 1

Pattern of unnecessarily engaging in activities in activities or behaviours that are dangerous or highly subject to chance
Pattern of behaviour associated with substance abuse, gambling, high risk sexual behaviours and extreme sports

Accepting challenge that simultaneously involves potential for failure as well as accomplishment

Question 2

Psychological views on risk

Answer 2

Social
Developmental
Individual differences
Cognitive
Biological

Question 3

Social

Answer 3

Influences from perceived/ actual presence of others

Question 4

Developmental

Answer 4

Changes that occur from conception to old age

Question 5

Individual differences

Answer 5

Characteristics where individuals are distinguished

Question 6

Cognitive

Answer 6

Operation of mental processes

Question 7

Biological

Answer 7

Biological basis of behaviour

Question 8

What can risk behaviour be

Answer 8

Financial
Ethical
Health
Recreational
Social

Question 9

Risk perception

Answer 9

Less directly about knowledge and more about perception of risk
Subjective assumption made about the severity of risk

Question 10

Why is perception problematic

Answer 10

Affect
Cognition
Context
Individual differences

Perceptual bias in decision making

Question 11

3 components of deliberate vs auto strategies which influence emotion regulation

Answer 11

Interrupting a risk behaviour
Thinking before acting
Choosing between alternatives

Question 12

What are the 3 components of deliberate and autostrategies applied through

Answer 12

Appraisal
Suppression

Question 13

Appraisal

Answer 13

Reformulating understanding to minimise psychological difference positive outcome

Question 14

Suppression

Answer 14

Inhibition of emotional response associated with emotion negative outcome:

Question 15

Unrealistic optimism

Answer 15

Belief that negative event less likely than positive

Question 16

Availability bias

Answer 16

Relying on info that more readily available or visible

Question 17

Base rate neglects

Answer 17

Ignore baseline
In favour of more specific

Question 18

Dunning Kruger effect

Answer 18

Unskilled individuals overestimate their ability
Support consented

Question 19

Gamblers fallacy

Answer 19

Thinking future probabilities are affected by past events

Question 20

Context

Answer 20

Framing is important to drawing conclusions

Question 21

Loss of control

Answer 21

Indicates degree individual perceives to be under their control or outside forces

Question 22

Executive Control

Answer 22

Places important role in decision making
Adolescents show less cognitive control especially with immediate rewards
Linked to brain development
Fundamental mediator in inhibition of pleasurable stimuli

Question 23

5 main themes around justifying behaviour

Answer 23

Health risk perspective
Moderate use isn’t harmful
Counter evidence
Compensatory behaviour
Smoking as lesser evil

Question 24

Personality, OCEAN

Answer 24

Openness
Conscientious
Extra version
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Question 25

Sensation seeking

Answer 25

High experience seeking individuals present lower sensitivity to aversive stimulation

Question 26

Cognitive factors of risk perception

Answer 26

Gravity of events
Media coverage
Risk mitigating measures

Question 27

Affective factors of risk perception

Answer 27

Emotions
Feelings
Moods

Question 28

Contextual factors for risk perception

Answer 28

Framing of risk information
Availability of alternative information sources

Question 29

Individual factors of risk perception

Answer 29

Persnaolity traits
Previous experience
Age
Gender

Question 30

Neuroendocrine changes during puberty

Answer 30

More vulnerable to novelty and sensation seeking
Elevated t levels g males ljnked to aggressive risk taking
Men more inclined to take risks than women due to intersexual competition
Risk displays quality: social dominance, confidence, ambition and creativity