Changing health behaviours and beliefs

Question 1

what are health interventions

Answer 1

cominbaiton of learning experiences designated to facilitate voluntary actions that are conducive to health

problem is identified and practitioner has to find strategies to help change behaviours related to that problem

Question 2

what is a behaviour change technique

Answer 2

strategy that helps and individual change their behaviour to promote better health

Question 3

examples of behaviour change techniques

Answer 3

modelling
active learning
risk scenario information
anticipated regret
fear arousal
procedural information
goal setting

Question 4

health risk behaviour

Answer 4

any activity undertaken with a frequency or intensity that increases risk of disease or injury

Question 5

motivational models

Answer 5

predict health at particular points in time
define variables that determine health behaviour and assess their ability to predict it

Question 6

researched motivational models

Answer 6

health belief model
protection motivation theory
social cognitive theory
theory of reasoned action
theory of planned behaviour

Question 7

health belief model

Answer 7

Question 8

issues with the health belief models

Answer 8

doesnt specify how these behaviours influence each other or how they combine to influence behaviour
no operational definition of the variables, leads to studies using varied methodologies
offers empirical support for behaviours: mammography, breast self exam, medication compliance
effects usually small

Question 9

theory of planned behaviour

Answer 9

Question 10

social cognitive theory

Answer 10

behaviours performed if people believe they have control over outcome
perceive few external barriers towards reaching their goals
confidence in their ability to achieve
self- efficacy
outcome experiences

Question 11

limitations of social cognitive theory

Answer 11

only a small to medium amount of variance in behaviour

Question 12

self efficacy

Answer 12

personal sense of control that facilitates behaviour change

Question 13

outcome expectancies

Answer 13

perception of possible consequences of ones actions

Question 14

reciprocal determinism

Answer 14

Question 15

motivation model

Answer 15

pressures when individual’s motivation is high it will lead to corresponding behaviour
intention behaviour gap
doesnt address psychological processes by which motivation/intention is translated into action

Question 16

intention behaviour gap

Answer 16

despite good intentions people often fail to translate their intentions into actual behaviour.-

Question 17

multi stage models

Answer 17

behaviour change occurs in stages
different variable determine behaviour at each stage
single prediction equation doesnt design effective behaviour change
barriers when trying to change are different at various stages
match interventions to people according to stage they’ve reached in changing behaviours

Question 18

6 stages of the trans theoretical model of change

Answer 18

precontmeplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance
relapse prevention

Question 19

describe the stages of the trans theoretical model of change

Answer 19

Question 20

problem with health behaviour chang models

Answer 20

overlap between different models often mixed up in research
identifying main predictors of behaviour isn’t necessarily determinant of behaviour change
theories often only suggest what needs to be changed in order to generate behaviour modification
doesnt say how this can be induced

Question 21

com-B model

Answer 21

highlights wider factors that can influence changes in behaviour
3 components to any behaviour:
capability
opportunity
motivation

Question 22

lets eat together

Answer 22

family mealtime intervention targeting shared meals
has unique focus on mealtime enjoyment with parent and child
aim to increase frequency of shared family meals

Question 23

findings of the lets eat together programme

Answer 23

over 10 weeks
frequency of shared family meals increased
with proportion of convenience or fast food also decreased

Question 24

challenges to change

Answer 24

feasible
proving replicable and sustainable change
provide incomplete understanding of behaviour change
focused on individual determinants of change

Question 25

considerations

Answer 25

agency/place
classed identity
power

Question 26

questions to ask about power

Answer 26

what resources are available
what material is accessible to them
what possibilities for change are afforded by their situations
whose interest is this intervention

Question 27

behaviour change

Answer 27

downstream factors
mainstream factors
upstream factors

Question 28

downstream factors

Answer 28

directly involve an individual
potentially be altered by individual interventions

Question 29

mainstream factos

Answer 29

those that result from relationship of individual with larger group

Question 30

upstream factors

Answer 30

grounded in social structures and policies