Health beliefs and behaviours

Question 1

health behaviour

Answer 1

refers tio actions that an individual engages in that affects their health either positively or negatively

Question 2

where do these behaviours come from

Answer 2

association and observation

Question 3

classical conditioning

Answer 3

focus on observable behaviour and conditions that elicit and maintain the behaviour

Question 4

operant conditioning

Answer 4

factors that reinforce behaviour

Question 5

modelling

Answer 5

vicarious learning through watching and imitating that behaviour of others

Question 6

3 basic assumptions underpin behavioural theory

Answer 6

behaviour is determined by prior learning
human behaviour is changeable throughout the lifespan
changes in behaviour are generally caused y changes in the environment

Question 7

learning by assicioaion

Answer 7

pavlov demonstrated that a dog could learn to salivate to a non food stimulus if the stimulus was simultaneously presented with the food
discovery became known as learning by association or classical conditioning

Question 8

what can be explained by classical conditioning

Answer 8

phobias and fears

Question 9

unconditioned response

Answer 9

unlearned naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus

Question 10

unconditioned stimulus

Answer 10

stimulus that unconditionally naturally and automatically triggers a response

Question 11

conditioned response

Answer 11

learned response to a previously neutral but not conditioned stimulus

Question 12

conditioned stimulus

Answer 12

originally irrelevant stimulus that after association with an unconditioned stimulus comes to trigger a conditioned response

Question 13

acquisition of an alcohol habit

Answer 13

Question 14

operant conditioning

Answer 14

type of learning in which behaviour is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher

Question 15

what is behaviour a result of

Answer 15

interaction between the individual and the environment
because the environment was more readily amenable to change
this was the most appropriate place to intervene to bring about change

Question 16

changing contingencies external to person

Answer 16

behaviour could then be altered
underlying principle in interventions using an operant conditioning or learning by consequence approach

Question 17

what is operant conditioning

Answer 17

involved learning procedures through reward and punishment
operant because active behaviour operates the environment

Question 18

behaviourism

Answer 18

provided first plausible explanations of how behaviours are learned and maintained

Question 19

behavioural theories of learning

Answer 19

explain how we develop habits and certain health behaviours
don’t take into account cognition, thoughts and beliefs
don’t take into account other determinants of health
provide simplistic presentation of health behaviours which could lead to victim blaming if one doesnt change to the required health behaviour

Question 20

cognitive psychological theory

Answer 20

proposes that people actively interpret their environment and cognitively construct their world

Question 21

what is behaviour a result of

Answer 21

interplay of external and internal events

Question 22

external events

Answer 22

stimuli and reinforcements that regular behaviour

Question 23

internal events

Answer 23

individuals perceptions and thoughts about themselves in the world aswell as their behaviour in the world

Question 24

what is social learning

Answer 24

theory of human development that says humans learn through observation of modelled behaviour and reinforcement for imitated behaviour

Question 25

3 factors influencing social learning

Answer 25

individual
individuals behaviour
environment

Question 26

modelling

Answer 26

process of observing and imitating a specific behaviour

Question 27

social cognitive factor

Answer 27

individuals attitude, perception and beliefs about their social environment their health and healt behaviour

Question 28

what is the health belief model

Answer 28

first model to identify the importance of an individuals attitudes and beliefs about health behaviour in determining future health behaviour

Question 29

4 key factors influencing whether individual will engage in health promoting action

Answer 29

perceived susceptibility of contracting a disease/comditon
perceived severity of disease/conditon
perceived benefits taking action
perceived barriers to taking action

Question 30

when is health promotion behaviour initiated

Answer 30

when an individual experiences cues to action
which are internal or external events that set the process in motion