Health beliefs and behaviours Flashcards
health behaviour
refers tio actions that an individual engages in that affects their health either positively or negatively
where do these behaviours come from
association and observation
classical conditioning
focus on observable behaviour and conditions that elicit and maintain the behaviour
operant conditioning
factors that reinforce behaviour
modelling
vicarious learning through watching and imitating that behaviour of others
3 basic assumptions underpin behavioural theory
behaviour is determined by prior learning
human behaviour is changeable throughout the lifespan
changes in behaviour are generally caused y changes in the environment
learning by assicioaion
pavlov demonstrated that a dog could learn to salivate to a non food stimulus if the stimulus was simultaneously presented with the food
discovery became known as learning by association or classical conditioning
what can be explained by classical conditioning
phobias and fears
unconditioned response
unlearned naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus
unconditioned stimulus
stimulus that unconditionally naturally and automatically triggers a response
conditioned response
learned response to a previously neutral but not conditioned stimulus
conditioned stimulus
originally irrelevant stimulus that after association with an unconditioned stimulus comes to trigger a conditioned response
acquisition of an alcohol habit
operant conditioning
type of learning in which behaviour is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
what is behaviour a result of
interaction between the individual and the environment
because the environment was more readily amenable to change
this was the most appropriate place to intervene to bring about change
changing contingencies external to person
behaviour could then be altered
underlying principle in interventions using an operant conditioning or learning by consequence approach
what is operant conditioning
involved learning procedures through reward and punishment
operant because active behaviour operates the environment
behaviourism
provided first plausible explanations of how behaviours are learned and maintained
behavioural theories of learning
explain how we develop habits and certain health behaviours
don’t take into account cognition, thoughts and beliefs
don’t take into account other determinants of health
provide simplistic presentation of health behaviours which could lead to victim blaming if one doesnt change to the required health behaviour
cognitive psychological theory
proposes that people actively interpret their environment and cognitively construct their world
what is behaviour a result of
interplay of external and internal events
external events
stimuli and reinforcements that regular behaviour
internal events
individuals perceptions and thoughts about themselves in the world aswell as their behaviour in the world
what is social learning
theory of human development that says humans learn through observation of modelled behaviour and reinforcement for imitated behaviour
3 factors influencing social learning
individual
individuals behaviour
environment
modelling
process of observing and imitating a specific behaviour
social cognitive factor
individuals attitude, perception and beliefs about their social environment their health and healt behaviour
what is the health belief model
first model to identify the importance of an individuals attitudes and beliefs about health behaviour in determining future health behaviour
4 key factors influencing whether individual will engage in health promoting action
perceived susceptibility of contracting a disease/comditon
perceived severity of disease/conditon
perceived benefits taking action
perceived barriers to taking action
when is health promotion behaviour initiated
when an individual experiences cues to action
which are internal or external events that set the process in motion
