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A-Level AQA Psychology > Psychology Mock 2021 Papers > Flashcards

Psychology Mock 2021 Papers Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychopathology Past Paper Questions

4-16 markers

A
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2
Q

Outline two cogntive characteristics of OCD [4 marks]

TRIGGER WORDS:

  1. Common theme
  2. Repetive

Development of what?

A

Common obsesson themes idea (e.g germs everywhere)

eg. the development of cognitive strategies to deal with obsessions (such as always carrying multiple bottles of hand sanitiser)
- Repetitive thoughts ( are intrusive, cause excessive amounts of anxiety and lead to compulsive behaviours).

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3
Q

Outline the cognitve characteristics of depression [4 marks]

TRIGGER WORDS:

  1. thoughts
  2. Expectation
A
  • Negative thoughts such as self concept as well as guilt. eg someone might have a negaitve view of the world and expect things to turn out badly
  • Negative expectation eg if you believe that you are gong to fail and exam that belief may reduce the effort you make and/ or increase you anxiety and thus you will fail
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4
Q

Outline two cognitve characteristics of Phobia [4 marks]

TRIGGER WORDS:

  1. divert their attention
  2. A persons Selective attention Fixate Irrational belief about the danger posed.
A

If a person with a phobia is presented with an object or situation they fear, they will find it difficult to direct their attention elsewhere.

Therefore, a person’s selective attention will cause them to become fixated on the object they fear, because of their irrational beliefs about the danger posed.

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5
Q

Outline two cognitve characteristics of Phobia [4 marks]

2 marks = Irrational beliefs.

TRIGGER WORDS:

  1. Irrational thinking
  2. believe that spiders are
A

a person’s phobia is defined by their irrational thinking towards the object or situation.

Eg a person with arachnophobia may believe that all spiders are dangerous and deadly, despite the fact that no spiders in the UK are actually deadly.

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6
Q

Outline two behavioural characteristics of OCD [4 marks]

TRIGGER WORDS;
1. Reduce

They are compelled to preform these actions otherwise something dreadful could

A

Complusive behaviour to reduce anixety. Repetitive and unconcealed eg hand washing or checking

Avoidance of certain objects

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7
Q

Outline two behavioural characteristics of Depression
[4 marks]

TRIGGER WORDS:

  1. Tired
  2. apetite

neglecting person hygeine =

A

Experience a sense of tiredness = insomnia or increase (hypersomnia)

A change in apetite reduced or increased more than usual

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8
Q

Outline two behavioural characteristics of Phobias [4 marks]

A
  • Might freeze out of fear. Freezing is adaptive response as they think the stimulus might not see them as a threat. eg Freeze or flight
  • Avoidance eg a person with a phobia of spiders would avoid spiders near them
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9
Q

Outline two emotional characteristics of phobias [4 marks]

TRIGGER WORDS:

  1. anxiety
  2. panic
A
  • Feeling anxiety in public. So might run away from a certain stimulus and scream.
  • panic - worrying that the object might harm you
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10
Q

Outline two emotional characteristics of Depression [ 4 marks]

What emotion might you feel when depressed?
Loss of pleasure in what?

A
  • Sadness along with feeling empty eg for example someone may have a low self esteem.
  • loss of interest and pleasure in hobbies and associated with feelings of despair and lack of control
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11
Q

Outline two emotional characteristics of OCD [4 Marks]

A

Anixety and distress.

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12
Q

Outline two emotional characteristics of OCD [4 Marks]

  1. both the obsessions and complusions
  2. awarness = embarssment
A

Anixety and distress both the obsessions and complusions are a source of this.

Suffers are aware their behaviour is excessive and this causes a feeling og embarrassment and shame

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13
Q

Outline two definitions of abnormality. [ 4 marks]

1. Deviation from social norms

A

The basic idea is that abormality is when a behavour does not fit withn what is socially acceptable eg in the uk it is a social norm to queue in a shop, if someone does not do this it is required abnormal

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14
Q

Outline two definitions of abnormality. [ 4 marks]

1.Statistical infrequency

TRIGGER WORD:
1. Mathematical method
defining

based on what?

A

This is a mathematical method for defining abnormality. This works on the idea that abnormality should be based on infrequencys.

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15
Q

Outline two definitions of abnormality. [ 4 marks]

1.Statistical infrequency EXAMPLE

A

Fear of dogs. You could ask everyone in your class to say how fearful they are of fogs on a rating scale of 1 to 10 where 1 is no fear at all 10 is panic. Expectation would be 4,5,6,7 .

Normal distrubtion is a norm-
Abnormal rating are those at eithe the end as they are not the norm.

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16
Q

Failure to function Adequatley

everyday life

A

States abnormal behaviour is when an individuals is not able to cope with everyday life. Acknowledges that people may act differently bt if they have a basic inability to manage in everday life as their behaviour is abnormal.

17
Q

Deviation from ideal mental health

A

Abnormality is defined in terms of mental health, behaviours that are associated with competence and happiness. Ideal mental health would include a positive attitude towards the self, resistance to stress and an accurate perception of reality.

18
Q

Failure to function Adequatley
Ao3
Strengths of this defintion

A

It recognised the subjective experience of the paitent, allowing us to view mental disorder from the point of view of the person experiencing it.

LINK - In additon failure to function is also a relatively easy to judge objective as we can list behaviours and thus judge abnormality objectivity when treatment is required.

19
Q

Failure to function Adequatley
Ao3
Strengths of this defintion
LINK SENTENCE

A

LINK - In additon failure to function is also a relatively easy to judge objective as we can list behaviours and thus judge abnormality objectivity when treatment is required.

20
Q

Failure to function Adequatley
Ao3
Weaknesses of this defintion

Too much focus on the individuals

A

It can be argued that abormal behaviours may not be a problem for the individual rathet than others around them.

eg someone may be abnormal agressive and not be worried by it but their family and friends may feel it is exessive.

21
Q

Give one different between the autonomic nervous system and somatic. [1 mark]

A

Autonomic nervous contains two subdivions in charge of fight or flight whereas somatic is responsible for carry sensory and motor information to and form the CNS

22
Q

The fight or flight response enabled our ancestors to survive but can be less helpful in response to more modern stressors.

Explain how the body responds during fight or flight and why this could be unhelpful in a driving test situation.

A

the fight or flight response causes adrenaline to be released which can cause an increased production of sweat and faster heart and breathing rate which could be off putting and unhelpful during a driving test (e.g. sweaty hands may make it harder to grip the steering wheel).

the fight or flight response enable a quick reaction to fight the threat or run away from it but neither of these options would be helpful in a driving test as if you ran away or attacked the instructor you would fail the test.

23
Q

Explain the difference between infradian rhythms and ultradian rhythms [ 2 marks]

A

Ultradian rhythms: biological rhythms with a shorter period and higher frequency than circadian rhythms.

Infradian rhythms: biological rhythms that last more than 24 hours, such as a menstrual cycle.

24
Q

Explain the process of synaptic transmission [4 marks]

A

Information is passed down the axon of the neuron as an electrical impluse known as action potential. Once action action reaches the endof the axon it needs be tranffered to another neuron or tissue, by crossing the synaptic gap. At the end of the neuron (in the axon terminal) are the synaptic vesicles which contain neurotransmitters.

25
Q

Which method of studying the brain would most accuratley identify specific brain area activated during cognitve task?
[1 mark]

A

Fmri- functional magnetic resistance imaging

26
Q

Agoraphobia is an extreme fear of open or public spaces. It affects box less than 1% of adults in the UK. In many cases, people with agoraphobia are unable to leave their homes and may not even be able to look outside, perceiving threats everywhere. The condition is very stressful for the individual, and for their family, and may prevent sufferers from living a normal life and achieving their potential.

Referring to the description above, outline three definitions of abnormality.
[6 marks]

A
  • Statistical infrequency/deviation from statistical norms is abnormal behaviour is that which is rare – ‘affects less than 1% adults…’

• deviation from social norms is behaviour which goes against unwritten rules/expectations

AO2 = (in a given society) – ‘unable to leave their home..’ ‘may prevent sufferers from living a normal Life…’

• failure to function adequately is behaviour which causes personal distress/anguish OR inability to cope

AO2 with everyday life – ‘very stressful for the individual and for their family..’

27
Q

What is a matched pairs design?

[2 marks]

A
  • P’s are matched according to key variables

* Each person from a pair goes into a different condition.

28
Q

How is using a matched pairs design an improvement on an independent groups design?
[1 mark]

A

• This will reduce possible effects of participant variables

29
Q

Identify one other variable on which the clients must be matched in this study.
[1 mark]

A

Severity of OCD

30
Q

What do the median values in Table 1 suggest?
[4 Marks]
Refer to table
(AS) : Paper 2 Psychology in context - June 2019
Q10

A

• The participants were well-matched at the start of the study as their median satisfaction ratings were very similar (0.5 difference) before they had experienced their courses

• Therapy B is a more successful course than therapy A as the final ratings increased (by 5.0) more for B
than for A

• both therapies were successful as the ratings at the end of the courses were both higher than the
matching ratings at the start of the therapies (therapy A +4.5 and therapy B +9.5)

(AS) : Paper 2 Psychology in context - June 2019

31
Q

Explain why collecting qualitative data in this study might have been a more useful box way of assessing the effectiveness of the two therapies.
[2 marks]

TRIGGER WORDS:
VALID & Reliable
Single number does not explain any detail

A
  • Clients being able to express = would allow researchers to be more sure that their conclusions about the therapies are both valid and reliable

• The single number ratings about their feelings before and after therapy do not explain in any detail how the therapy affected the clients.

A-Level AQA Psychology (99 decks)

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