possibie mock questions Flashcards
Explain what psychologists mean by socially sensitive research. [2 marks]
Any research that might have a direct social consequence for the participants in the research or group that they may represent.
Referring to the text above, explain what it is meant by a paradigm shift [4 marks]
What is a paradigm?
When does a shift occur?
what does this shift lead too?
Paradigm is a set of shared assumptions/beliefs about how behaviour should be studied eg a focus on causal explanations of behaviour
- a shift occurs where members of a scientific community change from one established way of studying a behaviour due to new contradictory evidence eg shifting focus from cause to free will.
- this shift leads to a ‘scientific revolution’ eg the cognitive revolution in 1970s and the current emphasis on cognitive neuroscience
Name and briefly outline one negative symptom of schizophrenia.
• speech poverty (alogia) - characterised by the lessening of speech fluency and productivity
Jonny is 25 years old. He is a very anxious person. Colleagues tease him at work because he chews his pen all the time and spends hours tidying his desk. He finds it difficult to make friends and has never had a girlfriend.
use your knowledge of psych determinism to explain johnny’s behaviour.
[4 marker]
psychic determinism suggests that adult behaviour, eg anxiety, pen-chewing, motives ie Jonny has no free will
• experiences that occurred during stages of psychosexual development have unconsciously influenced Jonny’s adult behaviour
– his adult experience has been caused by early experiences (this would be hard determinism)
• Jonny is unaware of these early experiences as his memory has been repressed, but they manifest themselves in symbolic outward behaviours. Jonny is a slave to his unconscious
Which one of the following best describes Kohlberg’s gender stability stage? Write the
correct letter in your answer book
[1 mark]
B
Suggest a more appropriate statistical test of difference for the student to use with this data.
Explain two reasons for your choice based on the description of the study.
[5 marks]
• same children judge both pictures
• so the study is a repeated/related design (not independent as would be appropriate for an unrelated
t-test)
• data are ratings on a scale of liking 1–10, ie the child’s subjective opinion
• there is no fixed unit of liking therefore the data are at the ordinal level of measurement/
non-parametric
Discuss one or more ethical implications of research in psychology.
Refer to at least one topic you have studied in psychology in your answer.
Migram’s (1963) research
- Need to consider whether the ‘ends justify the means’.
- P’s were decevied and were unable to give fully informed consent.
- Experiment also caused distress and the particpants were told to continue.
- P’s were debried after the experiment and a follow-up interview took place a year later.
Bowlby’s theory of attachment
Suggest that children form special attachment bond, usually with their mother. (Must critical period.)
- He also suggested that this attachment bond affects their future relationships through an IWM
Briefly outline what is meant by ‘gender schema’.
[2 marks]
organised group of related concepts about each sex and sex appropriate behaviour
Explain how the researchers could have obtained a stratified sample from the four different schools.
[4 marks]
Identify sub-groups in their population, eg the four different schools
- calculate the required proportion from each stratum based on the proportion in the population
- Randomly select sample a each school
- use a random selection method, eg use a random generator to select specified number of numbers between 0 and X (or hat method).
Suggest two additional points that could be added to the debriefing statement to better ensure ethical treatment of the students.
CW
[4 marks]
- Confidentiality: advise students that their data is to be kept confidential so their individual responses will not be identifiable and will not be accessible to anyone other than the researchers/their agents
- Withdrawal of data: ensure students are told they have the right to withdraw their data after the event even if they consented to the survey and were aware of the aim at the start
Using the data in Table 2, explain how the distribution of scores in Group A differs from the distribution of scores in Group B.
[4 marks]
Group A scores indicate a normal distribution
because in Group A the mean, median and mode are almost the same (as in a bell-shaped
curve)
group B scores indicate a (positively) skewed distribution
because the mean is higher than the median/mode or to the right hand side of the distribution
Which two of the following statements describe a strongly deterministic view? Write he letters of your chosen answers in your answer booklet.
Name two types of determinism.
[2 marks]
Which of the following best describes an idiographic approach in psychology?
Write A, B, C, or D in your answer book.
[1 mark]B
B
Explain one problem with the method used to determine the number of miles
walked in the week. Suggest an alternative measure that would overcome this problem.
[3 mark}
What is a ‘nomothetic approach’? Suggest one limitation of a nomothetic approach.
[2 mark]
Define
Based on the study of large numbers of people and aims to make generalisations in order to formulate general theories of behaviour.
Limitation
Less meaningful as tends to use quantitative measures.
