Humanistic approach Flashcards
Humanistic psychology
Full control
states that we have free free will: the ability to make significant person choices within biological/societal constration.
- Full control despite societal constratints and other external focuses.
HIERACHY OF NEEDS
- S
Maslow’s theory
Maslow’s Hierachy of needs
What does it emphasise
What did he state about the need
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- Emphasises importances of personal growth and fufilment
- Each level must be fufilled befor a person can move up to a higher need.
- Maslow stated that the more basic the need the more powerfully it is experienced that is more difficult to overcome.
What are the levels of hierachy needs?
Self-actualisation - problem-sloving, morality. People attain self-actualisation ae creative and acceping, and have peak experience of extreme inspiration and ecstay.
Esteem - Self-esteem, confidence, achievement respect of and by others
Love - Friendship, family and sexual intimacy
Saftey - Security of body, of employment, of resoruces, of the family, of health
Phsyiological
Breathing, Food, water sleep, sex, homeostastis, excreton
Roger’s theory
Focuses on self.
Rogers claimed that our two basic needs, unconditional postive regard from our people and feelings of self-worth, develop from childhood interactions with parents.
- The more similar out self-concept and our ideal self, the greater out psychological health and state of congruence.
Real-world application
The influence of counselling
- Rogers (1959) claimed that an individual’s psychological problems were a direct result of their conditions of worth and the conditional postive regard they recieve from other people
- counselling = allows people to solve their own probelms and move towards becoming a more fully functioning person.
Conditons of worth
Are a perception that acceptance from other depends on meeting their expectatins
AO3
Research with adolescents supports Roger’s view that people who experience conditional positive regard display who are more ‘false self’ behaviour.
Weakness
E: For example, teenagers who fel they have to fufil ceertain conditions gain their parent’s approval freqeuntly dislike themselves
E: Researchers found that adolescents who create a ‘false self’, pretending to be the sort of person their parents would love, are also more likely to develop depression.
L: This supports ‘conditions of worth’: the idea that unconditonal positive regard from parents is essential for developing self-worth
The humanist approach is unrealistic with an idealised view of human nature.
Weakness
E: It assumes that people are inherently growth-oriented, not recognising some people’s capcity for self-destructve behaviour.
E: In addition, the humanistic assumption that all problems arise from blocked self-actualisation ignores situational forces in society, such as prejudice and inequality of oppurtunity
L: This means that the humanist approach does not give a full description human behaviour and development.
Cultural differences exist as shown from cross-cultural studies.
Strength
E: For example, a study in china found that belonding took priority over physiological needs. and self-actualisation related to contributions to the community rather than individual development.
E: Many studies confirm that people in western cultures focus more on personal identity, whereas Chinese, japaese and Koreans define self-concept in terms of social relationships.
L: Maslow acknowledged the needs may appear in a different order or may be absent althogether. This more flexible hierachy fits evidence better.
Maslow’s hierachy applies more broadly to economic development of countries, as well as personal development of individuals.
Strength
E: In the early stage of economic development, priority is on physiological and safety needs such as food and reduction in murder rates.
E: Once these basic needs are met, countries then focus on esteem needs (e.g women’s rights) and self-actualisation (e.g access to education).
L: This evidence from 88 countries over a 34 year period supports a hierachy of needs in societies as well as individuals.
Congruence
Similarity between the ideal self and self-image
Free-will
The ability to make decisions about how to act
Hierachy of needs
The motivational theory proposed by Maslow
